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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>28. Python Runtime Services — Python 2.7.16 documentation</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/classic.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" /> <script type="text/javascript" id="documentation_options" data-url_root="../" src="../_static/documentation_options.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/underscore.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/doctools.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/sidebar.js"></script> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Search within Python 2.7.16 documentation" href="../_static/opensearch.xml"/> <link rel="author" title="About these documents" href="../about.html" /> <link rel="index" title="Index" href="../genindex.html" /> <link rel="search" title="Search" href="../search.html" /> <link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="../copyright.html" /> <link rel="next" title="28.1. sys — System-specific parameters and functions" href="sys.html" /> <link rel="prev" title="27.2. ensurepip — Bootstrapping the pip installer" href="ensurepip.html" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="../_static/py.png" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://docs.python.org/2/library/python.html" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/copybutton.js"></script> </head><body> <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" accesskey="I">index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="sys.html" title="28.1. sys — System-specific parameters and functions" accesskey="N">next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="ensurepip.html" title="27.2. ensurepip — Bootstrapping the pip installer" accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li> <a href="../index.html">Python 2.7.16 documentation</a> » </li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" accesskey="U">The Python Standard Library</a> »</li> </ul> </div> <div class="document"> <div class="documentwrapper"> <div class="bodywrapper"> <div class="body" role="main"> <div class="section" id="python-runtime-services"> <span id="python"></span><h1>28. Python Runtime Services<a class="headerlink" href="#python-runtime-services" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> <p>The modules described in this chapter provide a wide range of services related to the Python interpreter and its interaction with its environment. Here’s an overview:</p> <div class="toctree-wrapper compound"> <ul> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="sys.html">28.1. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys</span></code> — System-specific parameters and functions</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="sysconfig.html">28.2. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sysconfig</span></code> — Provide access to Python’s configuration information</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="sysconfig.html#configuration-variables">28.2.1. Configuration variables</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="sysconfig.html#installation-paths">28.2.2. Installation paths</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="sysconfig.html#other-functions">28.2.3. Other functions</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="__builtin__.html">28.3. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__builtin__</span></code> — Built-in objects</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="future_builtins.html">28.4. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">future_builtins</span></code> — Python 3 builtins</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="__main__.html">28.5. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__main__</span></code> — Top-level script environment</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="warnings.html">28.6. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">warnings</span></code> — Warning control</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="warnings.html#warning-categories">28.6.1. Warning Categories</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="warnings.html#the-warnings-filter">28.6.2. The Warnings Filter</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="warnings.html#default-warning-filters">28.6.2.1. Default Warning Filters</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="warnings.html#temporarily-suppressing-warnings">28.6.3. Temporarily Suppressing Warnings</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="warnings.html#testing-warnings">28.6.4. Testing Warnings</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="warnings.html#updating-code-for-new-versions-of-python">28.6.5. Updating Code For New Versions of Python</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="warnings.html#available-functions">28.6.6. Available Functions</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="warnings.html#available-context-managers">28.6.7. Available Context Managers</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="contextlib.html">28.7. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">contextlib</span></code> — Utilities for <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">with</span></code>-statement contexts</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="abc.html">28.8. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">abc</span></code> — Abstract Base Classes</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="atexit.html">28.9. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">atexit</span></code> — Exit handlers</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="atexit.html#atexit-example">28.9.1. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">atexit</span></code> Example</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="traceback.html">28.10. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">traceback</span></code> — Print or retrieve a stack traceback</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="traceback.html#traceback-examples">28.10.1. Traceback Examples</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="__future__.html">28.11. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__future__</span></code> — Future statement definitions</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="gc.html">28.12. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gc</span></code> — Garbage Collector interface</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="inspect.html">28.13. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">inspect</span></code> — Inspect live objects</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="inspect.html#types-and-members">28.13.1. Types and members</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="inspect.html#retrieving-source-code">28.13.2. Retrieving source code</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="inspect.html#classes-and-functions">28.13.3. Classes and functions</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="inspect.html#the-interpreter-stack">28.13.4. The interpreter stack</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="site.html">28.14. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">site</span></code> — Site-specific configuration hook</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="user.html">28.15. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">user</span></code> — User-specific configuration hook</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="fpectl.html">28.16. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fpectl</span></code> — Floating point exception control</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fpectl.html#example">28.16.1. Example</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="fpectl.html#limitations-and-other-considerations">28.16.2. Limitations and other considerations</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation"> <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper"> <h4>Previous topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="ensurepip.html" title="previous chapter">27.2. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ensurepip</span></code> — Bootstrapping the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pip</span></code> installer</a></p> <h4>Next topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="sys.html" title="next chapter">28.1. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys</span></code> — System-specific parameters and functions</a></p> <div role="note" aria-label="source link"> <h3>This Page</h3> <ul class="this-page-menu"> <li><a href="../_sources/library/python.rst.txt" rel="nofollow">Show Source</a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="searchbox" style="display: none" role="search"> <h3>Quick search</h3> <div class="searchformwrapper"> <form class="search" action="../search.html" method="get"> <input type="text" name="q" /> <input type="submit" value="Go" /> <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" /> <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" /> </form> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript">$('#searchbox').show(0);</script> </div> </div> <div class="clearer"></div> </div> <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" >index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="sys.html" title="28.1. sys — System-specific parameters and functions" >next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="ensurepip.html" title="27.2. ensurepip — Bootstrapping the pip installer" >previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li> <a href="../index.html">Python 2.7.16 documentation</a> » </li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> »</li> </ul> </div> <div class="footer"> © <a href="../copyright.html">Copyright</a> 1990-2019, Python Software Foundation. <br /> The Python Software Foundation is a non-profit corporation. <a href="https://www.python.org/psf/donations/">Please donate.</a> <br /> Last updated on Mar 27, 2019. <a href="../bugs.html">Found a bug</a>? <br /> Created using <a href="http://sphinx.pocoo.org/">Sphinx</a> 1.7.6. </div> </body> </html>