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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>19.9. xml.dom.minidom — Minimal DOM implementation — Python 2.7.16 documentation</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/classic.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" /> <script type="text/javascript" id="documentation_options" data-url_root="../" src="../_static/documentation_options.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/underscore.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/doctools.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/sidebar.js"></script> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Search within Python 2.7.16 documentation" href="../_static/opensearch.xml"/> <link rel="author" title="About these documents" href="../about.html" /> <link rel="index" title="Index" href="../genindex.html" /> <link rel="search" title="Search" href="../search.html" /> <link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="../copyright.html" /> <link rel="next" title="19.10. xml.dom.pulldom — Support for building partial DOM trees" href="xml.dom.pulldom.html" /> <link rel="prev" title="19.8. xml.dom — The Document Object Model API" href="xml.dom.html" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="../_static/py.png" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://docs.python.org/2/library/xml.dom.minidom.html" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/copybutton.js"></script> </head><body> <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" accesskey="I">index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="xml.dom.pulldom.html" title="19.10. xml.dom.pulldom — Support for building partial DOM trees" accesskey="N">next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="xml.dom.html" title="19.8. xml.dom — The Document Object Model API" accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li> <a href="../index.html">Python 2.7.16 documentation</a> » </li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> »</li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-2"><a href="markup.html" accesskey="U">19. Structured Markup Processing Tools</a> »</li> </ul> </div> <div class="document"> <div class="documentwrapper"> <div class="bodywrapper"> <div class="body" role="main"> <div class="section" id="module-xml.dom.minidom"> <span id="xml-dom-minidom-minimal-dom-implementation"></span><h1>19.9. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-xml.dom.minidom" title="xml.dom.minidom: Minimal Document Object Model (DOM) implementation."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom</span></code></a> — Minimal DOM implementation<a class="headerlink" href="#module-xml.dom.minidom" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> <div class="versionadded"> <p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.0.</span></p> </div> <p><strong>Source code:</strong> <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/2.7/Lib/xml/dom/minidom.py">Lib/xml/dom/minidom.py</a></p> <hr class="docutils" /> <p><a class="reference internal" href="#module-xml.dom.minidom" title="xml.dom.minidom: Minimal Document Object Model (DOM) implementation."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom</span></code></a> is a minimal implementation of the Document Object Model interface, with an API similar to that in other languages. It is intended to be simpler than the full DOM and also significantly smaller. Users who are not already proficient with the DOM should consider using the <a class="reference internal" href="xml.etree.elementtree.html#module-xml.etree.ElementTree" title="xml.etree.ElementTree: Implementation of the ElementTree API."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.etree.ElementTree</span></code></a> module for their XML processing instead.</p> <div class="admonition warning"> <p class="first admonition-title">Warning</p> <p class="last">The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-xml.dom.minidom" title="xml.dom.minidom: Minimal Document Object Model (DOM) implementation."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom</span></code></a> module is not secure against maliciously constructed data. If you need to parse untrusted or unauthenticated data see <a class="reference internal" href="xml.html#xml-vulnerabilities"><span class="std std-ref">XML vulnerabilities</span></a>.</p> </div> <p>DOM applications typically start by parsing some XML into a DOM. With <a class="reference internal" href="#module-xml.dom.minidom" title="xml.dom.minidom: Minimal Document Object Model (DOM) implementation."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom</span></code></a>, this is done through the parse functions:</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">xml.dom.minidom</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">parse</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">parseString</span> <span class="n">dom1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">parse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'c:</span><span class="se">\\</span><span class="s1">temp</span><span class="se">\\</span><span class="s1">mydata.xml'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># parse an XML file by name</span> <span class="n">datasource</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'c:</span><span class="se">\\</span><span class="s1">temp</span><span class="se">\\</span><span class="s1">mydata.xml'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">dom2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">parse</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">datasource</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># parse an open file</span> <span class="n">dom3</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">parseString</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'<myxml>Some data<empty/> some more data</myxml>'</span><span class="p">)</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#xml.dom.minidom.parse" title="xml.dom.minidom.parse"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">parse()</span></code></a> function can take either a filename or an open file object.</p> <dl class="function"> <dt id="xml.dom.minidom.parse"> <code class="descclassname">xml.dom.minidom.</code><code class="descname">parse</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>filename_or_file</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>parser</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>bufsize</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#xml.dom.minidom.parse" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return a <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Document</span></code> from the given input. <em>filename_or_file</em> may be either a file name, or a file-like object. <em>parser</em>, if given, must be a SAX2 parser object. This function will change the document handler of the parser and activate namespace support; other parser configuration (like setting an entity resolver) must have been done in advance.</p> </dd></dl> <p>If you have XML in a string, you can use the <a class="reference internal" href="#xml.dom.minidom.parseString" title="xml.dom.minidom.parseString"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">parseString()</span></code></a> function instead:</p> <dl class="function"> <dt id="xml.dom.minidom.parseString"> <code class="descclassname">xml.dom.minidom.</code><code class="descname">parseString</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>string</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>parser</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#xml.dom.minidom.parseString" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return a <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Document</span></code> that represents the <em>string</em>. This method creates a <a class="reference internal" href="stringio.html#StringIO.StringIO" title="StringIO.StringIO"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">StringIO</span></code></a> object for the string and passes that on to <a class="reference internal" href="#xml.dom.minidom.parse" title="xml.dom.minidom.parse"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">parse()</span></code></a>.</p> </dd></dl> <p>Both functions return a <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Document</span></code> object representing the content of the document.</p> <p>What the <a class="reference internal" href="#xml.dom.minidom.parse" title="xml.dom.minidom.parse"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">parse()</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#xml.dom.minidom.parseString" title="xml.dom.minidom.parseString"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">parseString()</span></code></a> functions do is connect an XML parser with a “DOM builder” that can accept parse events from any SAX parser and convert them into a DOM tree. The name of the functions are perhaps misleading, but are easy to grasp when learning the interfaces. The parsing of the document will be completed before these functions return; it’s simply that these functions do not provide a parser implementation themselves.</p> <p>You can also create a <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Document</span></code> by calling a method on a “DOM Implementation” object. You can get this object either by calling the <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">getDOMImplementation()</span></code> function in the <a class="reference internal" href="xml.dom.html#module-xml.dom" title="xml.dom: Document Object Model API for Python."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom</span></code></a> package or the <a class="reference internal" href="#module-xml.dom.minidom" title="xml.dom.minidom: Minimal Document Object Model (DOM) implementation."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom</span></code></a> module. Using the implementation from the <a class="reference internal" href="#module-xml.dom.minidom" title="xml.dom.minidom: Minimal Document Object Model (DOM) implementation."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom</span></code></a> module will always return a <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Document</span></code> instance from the minidom implementation, while the version from <a class="reference internal" href="xml.dom.html#module-xml.dom" title="xml.dom: Document Object Model API for Python."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom</span></code></a> may provide an alternate implementation (this is likely if you have the <a class="reference external" href="http://pyxml.sourceforge.net/">PyXML package</a> installed). Once you have a <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Document</span></code>, you can add child nodes to it to populate the DOM:</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">xml.dom.minidom</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">getDOMImplementation</span> <span class="n">impl</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">getDOMImplementation</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="n">newdoc</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">impl</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">createDocument</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"some_tag"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">top_element</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">newdoc</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">documentElement</span> <span class="n">text</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">newdoc</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">createTextNode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Some textual content.'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">top_element</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">appendChild</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">text</span><span class="p">)</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>Once you have a DOM document object, you can access the parts of your XML document through its properties and methods. These properties are defined in the DOM specification. The main property of the document object is the <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">documentElement</span></code> property. It gives you the main element in the XML document: the one that holds all others. Here is an example program:</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">dom3</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">parseString</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"<myxml>Some data</myxml>"</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">assert</span> <span class="n">dom3</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">documentElement</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tagName</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">"myxml"</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>When you are finished with a DOM tree, you may optionally call the <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">unlink()</span></code> method to encourage early cleanup of the now-unneeded objects. <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">unlink()</span></code> is an <a class="reference internal" href="#module-xml.dom.minidom" title="xml.dom.minidom: Minimal Document Object Model (DOM) implementation."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom</span></code></a>-specific extension to the DOM API that renders the node and its descendants are essentially useless. Otherwise, Python’s garbage collector will eventually take care of the objects in the tree.</p> <div class="admonition seealso"> <p class="first admonition-title">See also</p> <dl class="last docutils"> <dt><a class="reference external" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/REC-DOM-Level-1/">Document Object Model (DOM) Level 1 Specification</a></dt> <dd>The W3C recommendation for the DOM supported by <a class="reference internal" href="#module-xml.dom.minidom" title="xml.dom.minidom: Minimal Document Object Model (DOM) implementation."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom</span></code></a>.</dd> </dl> </div> <div class="section" id="dom-objects"> <span id="minidom-objects"></span><h2>19.9.1. DOM Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#dom-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>The definition of the DOM API for Python is given as part of the <a class="reference internal" href="xml.dom.html#module-xml.dom" title="xml.dom: Document Object Model API for Python."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom</span></code></a> module documentation. This section lists the differences between the API and <a class="reference internal" href="#module-xml.dom.minidom" title="xml.dom.minidom: Minimal Document Object Model (DOM) implementation."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom</span></code></a>.</p> <dl class="method"> <dt id="xml.dom.minidom.Node.unlink"> <code class="descclassname">Node.</code><code class="descname">unlink</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#xml.dom.minidom.Node.unlink" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Break internal references within the DOM so that it will be garbage collected on versions of Python without cyclic GC. Even when cyclic GC is available, using this can make large amounts of memory available sooner, so calling this on DOM objects as soon as they are no longer needed is good practice. This only needs to be called on the <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Document</span></code> object, but may be called on child nodes to discard children of that node.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="xml.dom.minidom.Node.writexml"> <code class="descclassname">Node.</code><code class="descname">writexml</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>writer</em>, <em>indent=""</em>, <em>addindent=""</em>, <em>newl=""</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#xml.dom.minidom.Node.writexml" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Write XML to the writer object. The writer should have a <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">write()</span></code> method which matches that of the file object interface. The <em>indent</em> parameter is the indentation of the current node. The <em>addindent</em> parameter is the incremental indentation to use for subnodes of the current one. The <em>newl</em> parameter specifies the string to use to terminate newlines.</p> <p>For the <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Document</span></code> node, an additional keyword argument <em>encoding</em> can be used to specify the encoding field of the XML header.</p> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 2.1: </span>The optional keyword parameters <em>indent</em>, <em>addindent</em>, and <em>newl</em> were added to support pretty output.</p> </div> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 2.3: </span>For the <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Document</span></code> node, an additional keyword argument <em>encoding</em> can be used to specify the encoding field of the XML header.</p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="xml.dom.minidom.Node.toxml"> <code class="descclassname">Node.</code><code class="descname">toxml</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>encoding</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#xml.dom.minidom.Node.toxml" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return the XML that the DOM represents as a string.</p> <p>With no argument, the XML header does not specify an encoding, and the result is Unicode string if the default encoding cannot represent all characters in the document. Encoding this string in an encoding other than UTF-8 is likely incorrect, since UTF-8 is the default encoding of XML.</p> <p>With an explicit <em>encoding</em> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id3" id="id1">[1]</a> argument, the result is a byte string in the specified encoding. It is recommended that this argument is always specified. To avoid <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#exceptions.UnicodeError" title="exceptions.UnicodeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">UnicodeError</span></code></a> exceptions in case of unrepresentable text data, the encoding argument should be specified as “utf-8”.</p> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 2.3: </span>the <em>encoding</em> argument was introduced; see <a class="reference internal" href="#xml.dom.minidom.Node.writexml" title="xml.dom.minidom.Node.writexml"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">writexml()</span></code></a>.</p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="xml.dom.minidom.Node.toprettyxml"> <code class="descclassname">Node.</code><code class="descname">toprettyxml</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>indent="\t"</em>, <em>newl="\n"</em>, <em>encoding=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#xml.dom.minidom.Node.toprettyxml" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return a pretty-printed version of the document. <em>indent</em> specifies the indentation string and defaults to a tabulator; <em>newl</em> specifies the string emitted at the end of each line and defaults to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">\n</span></code>.</p> <div class="versionadded"> <p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.1.</span></p> </div> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 2.3: </span>the encoding argument was introduced; see <a class="reference internal" href="#xml.dom.minidom.Node.writexml" title="xml.dom.minidom.Node.writexml"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">writexml()</span></code></a>.</p> </div> </dd></dl> <p>The following standard DOM methods have special considerations with <a class="reference internal" href="#module-xml.dom.minidom" title="xml.dom.minidom: Minimal Document Object Model (DOM) implementation."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom</span></code></a>:</p> <dl class="method"> <dt id="xml.dom.minidom.Node.cloneNode"> <code class="descclassname">Node.</code><code class="descname">cloneNode</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>deep</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#xml.dom.minidom.Node.cloneNode" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Although this method was present in the version of <a class="reference internal" href="#module-xml.dom.minidom" title="xml.dom.minidom: Minimal Document Object Model (DOM) implementation."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom</span></code></a> packaged with Python 2.0, it was seriously broken. This has been corrected for subsequent releases.</p> </dd></dl> </div> <div class="section" id="dom-example"> <span id="id2"></span><h2>19.9.2. DOM Example<a class="headerlink" href="#dom-example" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>This example program is a fairly realistic example of a simple program. In this particular case, we do not take much advantage of the flexibility of the DOM.</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">xml.dom.minidom</span> <span class="n">document</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"""</span><span class="se">\</span> <span class="s2"><slideshow></span> <span class="s2"><title>Demo slideshow</title></span> <span class="s2"><slide><title>Slide title</title></span> <span class="s2"><point>This is a demo</point></span> <span class="s2"><point>Of a program for processing slides</point></span> <span class="s2"></slide></span> <span class="s2"><slide><title>Another demo slide</title></span> <span class="s2"><point>It is important</point></span> <span class="s2"><point>To have more than</point></span> <span class="s2"><point>one slide</point></span> <span class="s2"></slide></span> <span class="s2"></slideshow></span> <span class="s2">"""</span> <span class="n">dom</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">xml</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dom</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">minidom</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">parseString</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">document</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">getText</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">nodelist</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="n">rc</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">node</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">nodelist</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">node</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">nodeType</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">node</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">TEXT_NODE</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">rc</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">node</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="s1">''</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">rc</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">handleSlideshow</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">slideshow</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="nb">print</span> <span class="s2">"<html>"</span> <span class="n">handleSlideshowTitle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">slideshow</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getElementsByTagName</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"title"</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="n">slides</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">slideshow</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getElementsByTagName</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"slide"</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">handleToc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">slides</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">handleSlides</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">slides</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="nb">print</span> <span class="s2">"</html>"</span> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">handleSlides</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">slides</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">slide</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">slides</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">handleSlide</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">slide</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">handleSlide</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">slide</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="n">handleSlideTitle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">slide</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getElementsByTagName</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"title"</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="n">handlePoints</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">slide</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getElementsByTagName</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"point"</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">handleSlideshowTitle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">title</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="nb">print</span> <span class="s2">"<title></span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2"></title>"</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">getText</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">title</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">childNodes</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">handleSlideTitle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">title</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="nb">print</span> <span class="s2">"<h2></span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2"></h2>"</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">getText</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">title</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">childNodes</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">handlePoints</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">points</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="nb">print</span> <span class="s2">"<ul>"</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">point</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">points</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">handlePoint</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">point</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="nb">print</span> <span class="s2">"</ul>"</span> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">handlePoint</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">point</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="nb">print</span> <span class="s2">"<li></span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2"></li>"</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">getText</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">point</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">childNodes</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">handleToc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">slides</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">slide</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">slides</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">title</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">slide</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getElementsByTagName</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"title"</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="nb">print</span> <span class="s2">"<p></span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s2"></p>"</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">getText</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">title</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">childNodes</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">handleSlideshow</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dom</span><span class="p">)</span> </pre></div> </div> </div> <div class="section" id="minidom-and-the-dom-standard"> <span id="minidom-and-dom"></span><h2>19.9.3. minidom and the DOM standard<a class="headerlink" href="#minidom-and-the-dom-standard" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-xml.dom.minidom" title="xml.dom.minidom: Minimal Document Object Model (DOM) implementation."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom</span></code></a> module is essentially a DOM 1.0-compatible DOM with some DOM 2 features (primarily namespace features).</p> <p>Usage of the DOM interface in Python is straight-forward. The following mapping rules apply:</p> <ul class="simple"> <li>Interfaces are accessed through instance objects. Applications should not instantiate the classes themselves; they should use the creator functions available on the <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Document</span></code> object. Derived interfaces support all operations (and attributes) from the base interfaces, plus any new operations.</li> <li>Operations are used as methods. Since the DOM uses only <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/expressions.html#in"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">in</span></code></a> parameters, the arguments are passed in normal order (from left to right). There are no optional arguments. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">void</span></code> operations return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>.</li> <li>IDL attributes map to instance attributes. For compatibility with the OMG IDL language mapping for Python, an attribute <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">foo</span></code> can also be accessed through accessor methods <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_get_foo()</span></code> and <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_set_foo()</span></code>. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">readonly</span></code> attributes must not be changed; this is not enforced at runtime.</li> <li>The types <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">short</span> <span class="pre">int</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">unsigned</span> <span class="pre">int</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">unsigned</span> <span class="pre">long</span> <span class="pre">long</span></code>, and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">boolean</span></code> all map to Python integer objects.</li> <li>The type <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DOMString</span></code> maps to Python strings. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-xml.dom.minidom" title="xml.dom.minidom: Minimal Document Object Model (DOM) implementation."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom</span></code></a> supports either byte or Unicode strings, but will normally produce Unicode strings. Values of type <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DOMString</span></code> may also be <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> where allowed to have the IDL <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">null</span></code> value by the DOM specification from the W3C.</li> <li><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">const</span></code> declarations map to variables in their respective scope (e.g. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom.Node.PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION_NODE</span></code>); they must not be changed.</li> <li><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DOMException</span></code> is currently not supported in <a class="reference internal" href="#module-xml.dom.minidom" title="xml.dom.minidom: Minimal Document Object Model (DOM) implementation."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom</span></code></a>. Instead, <a class="reference internal" href="#module-xml.dom.minidom" title="xml.dom.minidom: Minimal Document Object Model (DOM) implementation."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom</span></code></a> uses standard Python exceptions such as <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#exceptions.TypeError" title="exceptions.TypeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypeError</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#exceptions.AttributeError" title="exceptions.AttributeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AttributeError</span></code></a>.</li> <li><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NodeList</span></code> objects are implemented using Python’s built-in list type. Starting with Python 2.2, these objects provide the interface defined in the DOM specification, but with earlier versions of Python they do not support the official API. They are, however, much more “Pythonic” than the interface defined in the W3C recommendations.</li> </ul> <p>The following interfaces have no implementation in <a class="reference internal" href="#module-xml.dom.minidom" title="xml.dom.minidom: Minimal Document Object Model (DOM) implementation."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom</span></code></a>:</p> <ul class="simple"> <li><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DOMTimeStamp</span></code></li> <li><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DocumentType</span></code> (added in Python 2.1)</li> <li><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DOMImplementation</span></code> (added in Python 2.1)</li> <li><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CharacterData</span></code></li> <li><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CDATASection</span></code></li> <li><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Notation</span></code></li> <li><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Entity</span></code></li> <li><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EntityReference</span></code></li> <li><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DocumentFragment</span></code></li> </ul> <p>Most of these reflect information in the XML document that is not of general utility to most DOM users.</p> <p class="rubric">Footnotes</p> <table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="id3" rules="none"> <colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup> <tbody valign="top"> <tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id1">[1]</a></td><td>The encoding string included in XML output should conform to the appropriate standards. For example, “UTF-8” is valid, but “UTF8” is not. See <a class="reference external" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml11-20060816/#NT-EncodingDecl">https://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml11-20060816/#NT-EncodingDecl</a> and <a class="reference external" href="https://www.iana.org/assignments/character-sets/character-sets.xhtml">https://www.iana.org/assignments/character-sets/character-sets.xhtml</a>.</td></tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation"> <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper"> <h3><a href="../contents.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3> <ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#">19.9. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.minidom</span></code> — Minimal DOM implementation</a><ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#dom-objects">19.9.1. DOM Objects</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#dom-example">19.9.2. DOM Example</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#minidom-and-the-dom-standard">19.9.3. minidom and the DOM standard</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h4>Previous topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="xml.dom.html" title="previous chapter">19.8. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom</span></code> — The Document Object Model API</a></p> <h4>Next topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="xml.dom.pulldom.html" title="next chapter">19.10. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xml.dom.pulldom</span></code> — Support for building partial DOM trees</a></p> <div role="note" aria-label="source link"> <h3>This Page</h3> <ul class="this-page-menu"> <li><a href="../_sources/library/xml.dom.minidom.rst.txt" rel="nofollow">Show Source</a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="searchbox" style="display: none" role="search"> <h3>Quick search</h3> <div class="searchformwrapper"> <form class="search" action="../search.html" method="get"> <input type="text" name="q" /> <input type="submit" value="Go" /> <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" /> <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" /> </form> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript">$('#searchbox').show(0);</script> </div> </div> <div class="clearer"></div> </div> <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" >index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="xml.dom.pulldom.html" title="19.10. xml.dom.pulldom — Support for building partial DOM trees" >next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="xml.dom.html" title="19.8. xml.dom — The Document Object Model API" >previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li> <a href="../index.html">Python 2.7.16 documentation</a> » </li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> »</li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-2"><a href="markup.html" >19. 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