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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>21.17. smtplib — SMTP protocol client — Python 3.6.7 documentation</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/pydoctheme.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" /> <script type="text/javascript" id="documentation_options" data-url_root="../" src="../_static/documentation_options.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/underscore.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/doctools.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/sidebar.js"></script> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Search within Python 3.6.7 documentation" href="../_static/opensearch.xml"/> <link rel="author" title="About these documents" href="../about.html" /> <link rel="index" title="Index" href="../genindex.html" /> <link rel="search" title="Search" href="../search.html" /> <link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="../copyright.html" /> <link rel="next" title="21.18. smtpd — SMTP Server" href="smtpd.html" /> <link rel="prev" title="21.16. nntplib — NNTP protocol client" href="nntplib.html" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="../_static/py.png" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/smtplib.html" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/copybutton.js"></script> </head><body> <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" accesskey="I">index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="smtpd.html" title="21.18. smtpd — SMTP Server" accesskey="N">next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="nntplib.html" title="21.16. nntplib — NNTP protocol client" accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li> <a href="../index.html">3.6.7 Documentation</a> » </li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> »</li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-2"><a href="internet.html" accesskey="U">21. Internet Protocols and Support</a> »</li> <li class="right"> <div class="inline-search" style="display: none" role="search"> <form class="inline-search" action="../search.html" method="get"> <input placeholder="Quick search" type="text" name="q" /> <input type="submit" value="Go" /> <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" /> <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" /> </form> </div> <script type="text/javascript">$('.inline-search').show(0);</script> | </li> </ul> </div> <div class="document"> <div class="documentwrapper"> <div class="bodywrapper"> <div class="body" role="main"> <div class="section" id="module-smtplib"> <span id="smtplib-smtp-protocol-client"></span><h1>21.17. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-smtplib" title="smtplib: SMTP protocol client (requires sockets)."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">smtplib</span></code></a> — SMTP protocol client<a class="headerlink" href="#module-smtplib" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> <p><strong>Source code:</strong> <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.6/Lib/smtplib.py">Lib/smtplib.py</a></p> <hr class="docutils" id="index-0" /> <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-smtplib" title="smtplib: SMTP protocol client (requires sockets)."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">smtplib</span></code></a> module defines an SMTP client session object that can be used to send mail to any Internet machine with an SMTP or ESMTP listener daemon. For details of SMTP and ESMTP operation, consult <span class="target" id="index-1"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc821.html"><strong>RFC 821</strong></a> (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) and <span class="target" id="index-2"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1869.html"><strong>RFC 1869</strong></a> (SMTP Service Extensions).</p> <dl class="class"> <dt id="smtplib.SMTP"> <em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">smtplib.</code><code class="descname">SMTP</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>host=''</em>, <em>port=0</em>, <em>local_hostname=None</em>, <span class="optional">[</span><em>timeout</em>, <span class="optional">]</span><em>source_address=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#smtplib.SMTP" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>An <a class="reference internal" href="#smtplib.SMTP" title="smtplib.SMTP"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SMTP</span></code></a> instance encapsulates an SMTP connection. It has methods that support a full repertoire of SMTP and ESMTP operations. If the optional host and port parameters are given, the SMTP <a class="reference internal" href="#smtplib.SMTP.connect" title="smtplib.SMTP.connect"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">connect()</span></code></a> method is called with those parameters during initialization. If specified, <em>local_hostname</em> is used as the FQDN of the local host in the HELO/EHLO command. Otherwise, the local hostname is found using <a class="reference internal" href="socket.html#socket.getfqdn" title="socket.getfqdn"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">socket.getfqdn()</span></code></a>. If the <a class="reference internal" href="#smtplib.SMTP.connect" title="smtplib.SMTP.connect"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">connect()</span></code></a> call returns anything other than a success code, an <a class="reference internal" href="#smtplib.SMTPConnectError" title="smtplib.SMTPConnectError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SMTPConnectError</span></code></a> is raised. The optional <em>timeout</em> parameter specifies a timeout in seconds for blocking operations like the connection attempt (if not specified, the global default timeout setting will be used). If the timeout expires, <a class="reference internal" href="socket.html#socket.timeout" title="socket.timeout"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">socket.timeout</span></code></a> is raised. The optional source_address parameter allows binding to some specific source address in a machine with multiple network interfaces, and/or to some specific source TCP port. It takes a 2-tuple (host, port), for the socket to bind to as its source address before connecting. If omitted (or if host or port are <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">''</span></code> and/or 0 respectively) the OS default behavior will be used.</p> <p>For normal use, you should only require the initialization/connect, <a class="reference internal" href="#smtplib.SMTP.sendmail" title="smtplib.SMTP.sendmail"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sendmail()</span></code></a>, and <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">quit()</span></code> methods. An example is included below.</p> <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#smtplib.SMTP" title="smtplib.SMTP"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SMTP</span></code></a> class supports the <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/compound_stmts.html#with"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">with</span></code></a> statement. When used like this, the SMTP <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">QUIT</span></code> command is issued automatically when the <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/compound_stmts.html#with"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">with</span></code></a> statement exits. E.g.:</p> <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">smtplib</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">SMTP</span> <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">SMTP</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"domain.org"</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">smtp</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">smtp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">noop</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="gp">...</span> <span class="go">(250, b'Ok')</span> <span class="go">>>></span> </pre></div> </div> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.3: </span>Support for the <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/compound_stmts.html#with"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">with</span></code></a> statement was added.</p> </div> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.3: </span>source_address argument was added.</p> </div> <div class="versionadded"> <p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 3.5: </span>The SMTPUTF8 extension (<span class="target" id="index-3"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6531.html"><strong>RFC 6531</strong></a>) is now supported.</p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="class"> <dt id="smtplib.SMTP_SSL"> <em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">smtplib.</code><code class="descname">SMTP_SSL</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>host=''</em>, <em>port=0</em>, <em>local_hostname=None</em>, <em>keyfile=None</em>, <em>certfile=None</em>, <span class="optional">[</span><em>timeout</em>, <span class="optional">]</span><em>context=None</em>, <em>source_address=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#smtplib.SMTP_SSL" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>An <a class="reference internal" href="#smtplib.SMTP_SSL" title="smtplib.SMTP_SSL"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SMTP_SSL</span></code></a> instance behaves exactly the same as instances of <a class="reference internal" href="#smtplib.SMTP" title="smtplib.SMTP"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SMTP</span></code></a>. <a class="reference internal" href="#smtplib.SMTP_SSL" title="smtplib.SMTP_SSL"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SMTP_SSL</span></code></a> should be used for situations where SSL is required from the beginning of the connection and using <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">starttls()</span></code> is not appropriate. If <em>host</em> is not specified, the local host is used. If <em>port</em> is zero, the standard SMTP-over-SSL port (465) is used. The optional arguments <em>local_hostname</em>, <em>timeout</em> and <em>source_address</em> have the same meaning as they do in the <a class="reference internal" href="#smtplib.SMTP" title="smtplib.SMTP"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SMTP</span></code></a> class. <em>context</em>, also optional, can contain a <a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#ssl.SSLContext" title="ssl.SSLContext"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SSLContext</span></code></a> and allows configuring various aspects of the secure connection. Please read <a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#ssl-security"><span class="std std-ref">Security considerations</span></a> for best practices.</p> <p><em>keyfile</em> and <em>certfile</em> are a legacy alternative to <em>context</em>, and can point to a PEM formatted private key and certificate chain file for the SSL connection.</p> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.3: </span><em>context</em> was added.</p> </div> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.3: </span>source_address argument was added.</p> </div> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.4: </span>The class now supports hostname check with <a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#ssl.SSLContext.check_hostname" title="ssl.SSLContext.check_hostname"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ssl.SSLContext.check_hostname</span></code></a> and <em>Server Name Indication</em> (see <a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#ssl.HAS_SNI" title="ssl.HAS_SNI"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ssl.HAS_SNI</span></code></a>).</p> </div> <div class="deprecated"> <p><span class="versionmodified">Deprecated since version 3.6: </span><em>keyfile</em> and <em>certfile</em> are deprecated in favor of <em>context</em>. Please use <a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#ssl.SSLContext.load_cert_chain" title="ssl.SSLContext.load_cert_chain"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ssl.SSLContext.load_cert_chain()</span></code></a> instead, or let <a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#ssl.create_default_context" title="ssl.create_default_context"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ssl.create_default_context()</span></code></a> select the system’s trusted CA certificates for you.</p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="class"> <dt id="smtplib.LMTP"> <em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">smtplib.</code><code class="descname">LMTP</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>host=''</em>, <em>port=LMTP_PORT</em>, <em>local_hostname=None</em>, <em>source_address=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#smtplib.LMTP" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>The LMTP protocol, which is very similar to ESMTP, is heavily based on the standard SMTP client. It’s common to use Unix sockets for LMTP, so our <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">connect()</span></code> method must support that as well as a regular host:port server. The optional arguments local_hostname and source_address have the same meaning as they do in the <a class="reference internal" href="#smtplib.SMTP" title="smtplib.SMTP"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SMTP</span></code></a> class. To specify a Unix socket, you must use an absolute path for <em>host</em>, starting with a ‘/’.</p> <p>Authentication is supported, using the regular SMTP mechanism. When using a Unix socket, LMTP generally don’t support or require any authentication, but your mileage might vary.</p> </dd></dl> <p>A nice selection of exceptions is defined as well:</p> <dl class="exception"> <dt id="smtplib.SMTPException"> <em class="property">exception </em><code class="descclassname">smtplib.</code><code class="descname">SMTPException</code><a class="headerlink" href="#smtplib.SMTPException" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Subclass of <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#OSError" title="OSError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OSError</span></code></a> that is the base exception class for all the other exceptions provided by this module.</p> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.4: </span>SMTPException became subclass of <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#OSError" title="OSError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OSError</span></code></a></p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="exception"> <dt id="smtplib.SMTPServerDisconnected"> <em class="property">exception </em><code class="descclassname">smtplib.</code><code class="descname">SMTPServerDisconnected</code><a class="headerlink" href="#smtplib.SMTPServerDisconnected" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>This exception is raised when the server unexpectedly disconnects, or when an attempt is made to use the <a class="reference internal" href="#smtplib.SMTP" title="smtplib.SMTP"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SMTP</span></code></a> instance before connecting it to a server.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="exception"> <dt id="smtplib.SMTPResponseException"> <em class="property">exception </em><code class="descclassname">smtplib.</code><code class="descname">SMTPResponseException</code><a class="headerlink" href="#smtplib.SMTPResponseException" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Base class for all exceptions that include an SMTP error code. These exceptions are generated in some instances when the SMTP server returns an error code. The error code is stored in the <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">smtp_code</span></code> attribute of the error, and the <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">smtp_error</span></code> attribute is set to the error message.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="exception"> <dt id="smtplib.SMTPSenderRefused"> <em class="property">exception </em><code class="descclassname">smtplib.</code><code class="descname">SMTPSenderRefused</code><a class="headerlink" href="#smtplib.SMTPSenderRefused" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Sender address refused. In addition to the attributes set by on all <a class="reference internal" href="#smtplib.SMTPResponseException" title="smtplib.SMTPResponseException"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SMTPResponseException</span></code></a> exceptions, this sets ‘sender’ to the string that the SMTP server refused.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="exception"> <dt id="smtplib.SMTPRecipientsRefused"> <em class="property">exception </em><code class="descclassname">smtplib.</code><code class="descname">SMTPRecipientsRefused</code><a class="headerlink" href="#smtplib.SMTPRecipientsRefused" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>All recipient addresses refused. The errors for each recipient are accessible through the attribute <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">recipients</span></code>, which is a dictionary of exactly the same sort as <a class="reference internal" href="#smtplib.SMTP.sendmail" title="smtplib.SMTP.sendmail"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SMTP.sendmail()</span></code></a> returns.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="exception"> <dt id="smtplib.SMTPDataError"> <em class="property">exception </em><code class="descclassname">smtplib.</code><code class="descname">SMTPDataError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#smtplib.SMTPDataError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>The SMTP server refused to accept the message data.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="exception"> <dt id="smtplib.SMTPConnectError"> <em class="property">exception </em><code class="descclassname">smtplib.</code><code class="descname">SMTPConnectError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#smtplib.SMTPConnectError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Error occurred during establishment of a connection with the server.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="exception"> <dt id="smtplib.SMTPHeloError"> <em class="property">exception </em><code class="descclassname">smtplib.</code><code class="descname">SMTPHeloError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#smtplib.SMTPHeloError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>The server refused our <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HELO</span></code> message.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="exception"> <dt id="smtplib.SMTPNotSupportedError"> <em class="property">exception </em><code class="descclassname">smtplib.</code><code class="descname">SMTPNotSupportedError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#smtplib.SMTPNotSupportedError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>The command or option attempted is not supported by the server.</p> <div class="versionadded"> <p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 3.5.</span></p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="exception"> <dt id="smtplib.SMTPAuthenticationError"> <em class="property">exception </em><code class="descclassname">smtplib.</code><code class="descname">SMTPAuthenticationError</code><a class="headerlink" href="#smtplib.SMTPAuthenticationError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>SMTP authentication went wrong. Most probably the server didn’t accept the username/password combination provided.</p> </dd></dl> <div class="admonition seealso"> <p class="first admonition-title">See also</p> <dl class="last docutils"> <dt><span class="target" id="index-4"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc821.html"><strong>RFC 821</strong></a> - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol</dt> <dd>Protocol definition for SMTP. This document covers the model, operating procedure, and protocol details for SMTP.</dd> <dt><span class="target" id="index-5"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1869.html"><strong>RFC 1869</strong></a> - SMTP Service Extensions</dt> <dd>Definition of the ESMTP extensions for SMTP. This describes a framework for extending SMTP with new commands, supporting dynamic discovery of the commands provided by the server, and defines a few additional commands.</dd> </dl> </div> <div class="section" id="smtp-objects"> <span id="id1"></span><h2>21.17.1. SMTP Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#smtp-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>An <a class="reference internal" href="#smtplib.SMTP" title="smtplib.SMTP"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SMTP</span></code></a> instance has the following methods:</p> <dl class="method"> <dt id="smtplib.SMTP.set_debuglevel"> <code class="descclassname">SMTP.</code><code class="descname">set_debuglevel</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>level</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#smtplib.SMTP.set_debuglevel" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Set the debug output level. A value of 1 or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code> for <em>level</em> results in debug messages for connection and for all messages sent to and received from the server. A value of 2 for <em>level</em> results in these messages being timestamped.</p> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.5: </span>Added debuglevel 2.</p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="smtplib.SMTP.docmd"> <code class="descclassname">SMTP.</code><code class="descname">docmd</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>cmd</em>, <em>args=''</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#smtplib.SMTP.docmd" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Send a command <em>cmd</em> to the server. The optional argument <em>args</em> is simply concatenated to the command, separated by a space.</p> <p>This returns a 2-tuple composed of a numeric response code and the actual response line (multiline responses are joined into one long line.)</p> <p>In normal operation it should not be necessary to call this method explicitly. It is used to implement other methods and may be useful for testing private extensions.</p> <p>If the connection to the server is lost while waiting for the reply, <a class="reference internal" href="#smtplib.SMTPServerDisconnected" title="smtplib.SMTPServerDisconnected"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SMTPServerDisconnected</span></code></a> will be raised.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="smtplib.SMTP.connect"> <code class="descclassname">SMTP.</code><code class="descname">connect</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>host='localhost'</em>, <em>port=0</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#smtplib.SMTP.connect" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Connect to a host on a given port. The defaults are to connect to the local host at the standard SMTP port (25). If the hostname ends with a colon (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">':'</span></code>) followed by a number, that suffix will be stripped off and the number interpreted as the port number to use. This method is automatically invoked by the constructor if a host is specified during instantiation. Returns a 2-tuple of the response code and message sent by the server in its connection response.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="smtplib.SMTP.helo"> <code class="descclassname">SMTP.</code><code class="descname">helo</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>name=''</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#smtplib.SMTP.helo" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Identify yourself to the SMTP server using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HELO</span></code>. The hostname argument defaults to the fully qualified domain name of the local host. The message returned by the server is stored as the <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">helo_resp</span></code> attribute of the object.</p> <p>In normal operation it should not be necessary to call this method explicitly. It will be implicitly called by the <a class="reference internal" href="#smtplib.SMTP.sendmail" title="smtplib.SMTP.sendmail"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sendmail()</span></code></a> when necessary.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="smtplib.SMTP.ehlo"> <code class="descclassname">SMTP.</code><code class="descname">ehlo</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>name=''</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#smtplib.SMTP.ehlo" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Identify yourself to an ESMTP server using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EHLO</span></code>. The hostname argument defaults to the fully qualified domain name of the local host. Examine the response for ESMTP option and store them for use by <a class="reference internal" href="#smtplib.SMTP.has_extn" title="smtplib.SMTP.has_extn"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">has_extn()</span></code></a>. Also sets several informational attributes: the message returned by the server is stored as the <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ehlo_resp</span></code> attribute, <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">does_esmtp</span></code> is set to true or false depending on whether the server supports ESMTP, and <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">esmtp_features</span></code> will be a dictionary containing the names of the SMTP service extensions this server supports, and their parameters (if any).</p> <p>Unless you wish to use <a class="reference internal" href="#smtplib.SMTP.has_extn" title="smtplib.SMTP.has_extn"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">has_extn()</span></code></a> before sending mail, it should not be necessary to call this method explicitly. It will be implicitly called by <a class="reference internal" href="#smtplib.SMTP.sendmail" title="smtplib.SMTP.sendmail"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sendmail()</span></code></a> when necessary.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="smtplib.SMTP.ehlo_or_helo_if_needed"> <code class="descclassname">SMTP.</code><code class="descname">ehlo_or_helo_if_needed</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#smtplib.SMTP.ehlo_or_helo_if_needed" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>This method calls <a class="reference internal" href="#smtplib.SMTP.ehlo" title="smtplib.SMTP.ehlo"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ehlo()</span></code></a> and/or <a class="reference internal" href="#smtplib.SMTP.helo" title="smtplib.SMTP.helo"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">helo()</span></code></a> if there has been no previous <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EHLO</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HELO</span></code> command this session. It tries ESMTP <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EHLO</span></code> first.</p> <dl class="docutils"> <dt><a class="reference internal" href="#smtplib.SMTPHeloError" title="smtplib.SMTPHeloError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SMTPHeloError</span></code></a></dt> <dd>The server didn’t reply properly to the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HELO</span></code> greeting.</dd> </dl> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="smtplib.SMTP.has_extn"> <code class="descclassname">SMTP.</code><code class="descname">has_extn</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>name</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#smtplib.SMTP.has_extn" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return <a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#True" title="True"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code></a> if <em>name</em> is in the set of SMTP service extensions returned by the server, <a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#False" title="False"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code></a> otherwise. Case is ignored.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="smtplib.SMTP.verify"> <code class="descclassname">SMTP.</code><code class="descname">verify</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>address</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#smtplib.SMTP.verify" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Check the validity of an address on this server using SMTP <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VRFY</span></code>. Returns a tuple consisting of code 250 and a full <span class="target" id="index-6"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc822.html"><strong>RFC 822</strong></a> address (including human name) if the user address is valid. Otherwise returns an SMTP error code of 400 or greater and an error string.</p> <div class="admonition note"> <p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> <p class="last">Many sites disable SMTP <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VRFY</span></code> in order to foil spammers.</p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="smtplib.SMTP.login"> <code class="descclassname">SMTP.</code><code class="descname">login</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>user</em>, <em>password</em>, <em>*</em>, <em>initial_response_ok=True</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#smtplib.SMTP.login" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Log in on an SMTP server that requires authentication. The arguments are the username and the password to authenticate with. If there has been no previous <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EHLO</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HELO</span></code> command this session, this method tries ESMTP <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EHLO</span></code> first. This method will return normally if the authentication was successful, or may raise the following exceptions:</p> <dl class="docutils"> <dt><a class="reference internal" href="#smtplib.SMTPHeloError" title="smtplib.SMTPHeloError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SMTPHeloError</span></code></a></dt> <dd>The server didn’t reply properly to the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HELO</span></code> greeting.</dd> <dt><a class="reference internal" href="#smtplib.SMTPAuthenticationError" title="smtplib.SMTPAuthenticationError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SMTPAuthenticationError</span></code></a></dt> <dd>The server didn’t accept the username/password combination.</dd> <dt><a class="reference internal" href="#smtplib.SMTPNotSupportedError" title="smtplib.SMTPNotSupportedError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SMTPNotSupportedError</span></code></a></dt> <dd>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AUTH</span></code> command is not supported by the server.</dd> <dt><a class="reference internal" href="#smtplib.SMTPException" title="smtplib.SMTPException"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SMTPException</span></code></a></dt> <dd>No suitable authentication method was found.</dd> </dl> <p>Each of the authentication methods supported by <a class="reference internal" href="#module-smtplib" title="smtplib: SMTP protocol client (requires sockets)."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">smtplib</span></code></a> are tried in turn if they are advertised as supported by the server. See <a class="reference internal" href="#smtplib.SMTP.auth" title="smtplib.SMTP.auth"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">auth()</span></code></a> for a list of supported authentication methods. <em>initial_response_ok</em> is passed through to <a class="reference internal" href="#smtplib.SMTP.auth" title="smtplib.SMTP.auth"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">auth()</span></code></a>.</p> <p>Optional keyword argument <em>initial_response_ok</em> specifies whether, for authentication methods that support it, an “initial response” as specified in <span class="target" id="index-7"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4954.html"><strong>RFC 4954</strong></a> can be sent along with the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AUTH</span></code> command, rather than requiring a challenge/response.</p> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.5: </span><a class="reference internal" href="#smtplib.SMTPNotSupportedError" title="smtplib.SMTPNotSupportedError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SMTPNotSupportedError</span></code></a> may be raised, and the <em>initial_response_ok</em> parameter was added.</p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="smtplib.SMTP.auth"> <code class="descclassname">SMTP.</code><code class="descname">auth</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>mechanism</em>, <em>authobject</em>, <em>*</em>, <em>initial_response_ok=True</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#smtplib.SMTP.auth" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Issue an <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SMTP</span></code> <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AUTH</span></code> command for the specified authentication <em>mechanism</em>, and handle the challenge response via <em>authobject</em>.</p> <p><em>mechanism</em> specifies which authentication mechanism is to be used as argument to the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AUTH</span></code> command; the valid values are those listed in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">auth</span></code> element of <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">esmtp_features</span></code>.</p> <p><em>authobject</em> must be a callable object taking an optional single argument:</p> <blockquote> <div>data = authobject(challenge=None)</div></blockquote> <p>If optional keyword argument <em>initial_response_ok</em> is true, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">authobject()</span></code> will be called first with no argument. It can return the <span class="target" id="index-8"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4954.html"><strong>RFC 4954</strong></a> “initial response” ASCII <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code> which will be encoded and sent with the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AUTH</span></code> command as below. If the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">authobject()</span></code> does not support an initial response (e.g. because it requires a challenge), it should return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> when called with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">challenge=None</span></code>. If <em>initial_response_ok</em> is false, then <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">authobject()</span></code> will not be called first with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>.</p> <p>If the initial response check returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>, or if <em>initial_response_ok</em> is false, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">authobject()</span></code> will be called to process the server’s challenge response; the <em>challenge</em> argument it is passed will be a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code>. It should return ASCII <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">str</span></code> <em>data</em> that will be base64 encoded and sent to the server.</p> <p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SMTP</span></code> class provides <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">authobjects</span></code> for the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CRAM-MD5</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PLAIN</span></code>, and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LOGIN</span></code> mechanisms; they are named <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SMTP.auth_cram_md5</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SMTP.auth_plain</span></code>, and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SMTP.auth_login</span></code> respectively. They all require that the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">user</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">password</span></code> properties of the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SMTP</span></code> instance are set to appropriate values.</p> <p>User code does not normally need to call <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">auth</span></code> directly, but can instead call the <a class="reference internal" href="#smtplib.SMTP.login" title="smtplib.SMTP.login"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">login()</span></code></a> method, which will try each of the above mechanisms in turn, in the order listed. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">auth</span></code> is exposed to facilitate the implementation of authentication methods not (or not yet) supported directly by <a class="reference internal" href="#module-smtplib" title="smtplib: SMTP protocol client (requires sockets)."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">smtplib</span></code></a>.</p> <div class="versionadded"> <p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 3.5.</span></p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="smtplib.SMTP.starttls"> <code class="descclassname">SMTP.</code><code class="descname">starttls</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>keyfile=None</em>, <em>certfile=None</em>, <em>context=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#smtplib.SMTP.starttls" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Put the SMTP connection in TLS (Transport Layer Security) mode. All SMTP commands that follow will be encrypted. You should then call <a class="reference internal" href="#smtplib.SMTP.ehlo" title="smtplib.SMTP.ehlo"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ehlo()</span></code></a> again.</p> <p>If <em>keyfile</em> and <em>certfile</em> are provided, they are used to create an <a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#ssl.SSLContext" title="ssl.SSLContext"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ssl.SSLContext</span></code></a>.</p> <p>Optional <em>context</em> parameter is an <a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#ssl.SSLContext" title="ssl.SSLContext"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ssl.SSLContext</span></code></a> object; This is an alternative to using a keyfile and a certfile and if specified both <em>keyfile</em> and <em>certfile</em> should be <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>.</p> <p>If there has been no previous <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EHLO</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HELO</span></code> command this session, this method tries ESMTP <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EHLO</span></code> first.</p> <div class="deprecated"> <p><span class="versionmodified">Deprecated since version 3.6: </span><em>keyfile</em> and <em>certfile</em> are deprecated in favor of <em>context</em>. Please use <a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#ssl.SSLContext.load_cert_chain" title="ssl.SSLContext.load_cert_chain"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ssl.SSLContext.load_cert_chain()</span></code></a> instead, or let <a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#ssl.create_default_context" title="ssl.create_default_context"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ssl.create_default_context()</span></code></a> select the system’s trusted CA certificates for you.</p> </div> <dl class="docutils"> <dt><a class="reference internal" href="#smtplib.SMTPHeloError" title="smtplib.SMTPHeloError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SMTPHeloError</span></code></a></dt> <dd>The server didn’t reply properly to the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HELO</span></code> greeting.</dd> <dt><a class="reference internal" href="#smtplib.SMTPNotSupportedError" title="smtplib.SMTPNotSupportedError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SMTPNotSupportedError</span></code></a></dt> <dd>The server does not support the STARTTLS extension.</dd> <dt><a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#RuntimeError" title="RuntimeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RuntimeError</span></code></a></dt> <dd>SSL/TLS support is not available to your Python interpreter.</dd> </dl> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.3: </span><em>context</em> was added.</p> </div> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.4: </span>The method now supports hostname check with <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SSLContext.check_hostname</span></code> and <em>Server Name Indicator</em> (see <a class="reference internal" href="ssl.html#ssl.HAS_SNI" title="ssl.HAS_SNI"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HAS_SNI</span></code></a>).</p> </div> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.5: </span>The error raised for lack of STARTTLS support is now the <a class="reference internal" href="#smtplib.SMTPNotSupportedError" title="smtplib.SMTPNotSupportedError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SMTPNotSupportedError</span></code></a> subclass instead of the base <a class="reference internal" href="#smtplib.SMTPException" title="smtplib.SMTPException"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SMTPException</span></code></a>.</p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="smtplib.SMTP.sendmail"> <code class="descclassname">SMTP.</code><code class="descname">sendmail</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>from_addr</em>, <em>to_addrs</em>, <em>msg</em>, <em>mail_options=()</em>, <em>rcpt_options=()</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#smtplib.SMTP.sendmail" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Send mail. The required arguments are an <span class="target" id="index-9"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc822.html"><strong>RFC 822</strong></a> from-address string, a list of <span class="target" id="index-10"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc822.html"><strong>RFC 822</strong></a> to-address strings (a bare string will be treated as a list with 1 address), and a message string. The caller may pass a list of ESMTP options (such as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">8bitmime</span></code>) to be used in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MAIL</span> <span class="pre">FROM</span></code> commands as <em>mail_options</em>. ESMTP options (such as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DSN</span></code> commands) that should be used with all <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RCPT</span></code> commands can be passed as <em>rcpt_options</em>. (If you need to use different ESMTP options to different recipients you have to use the low-level methods such as <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mail()</span></code>, <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rcpt()</span></code> and <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">data()</span></code> to send the message.)</p> <div class="admonition note"> <p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> <p class="last">The <em>from_addr</em> and <em>to_addrs</em> parameters are used to construct the message envelope used by the transport agents. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sendmail</span></code> does not modify the message headers in any way.</p> </div> <p><em>msg</em> may be a string containing characters in the ASCII range, or a byte string. A string is encoded to bytes using the ascii codec, and lone <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">\r</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">\n</span></code> characters are converted to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">\r\n</span></code> characters. A byte string is not modified.</p> <p>If there has been no previous <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EHLO</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HELO</span></code> command this session, this method tries ESMTP <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EHLO</span></code> first. If the server does ESMTP, message size and each of the specified options will be passed to it (if the option is in the feature set the server advertises). If <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EHLO</span></code> fails, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HELO</span></code> will be tried and ESMTP options suppressed.</p> <p>This method will return normally if the mail is accepted for at least one recipient. Otherwise it will raise an exception. That is, if this method does not raise an exception, then someone should get your mail. If this method does not raise an exception, it returns a dictionary, with one entry for each recipient that was refused. Each entry contains a tuple of the SMTP error code and the accompanying error message sent by the server.</p> <p>If <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SMTPUTF8</span></code> is included in <em>mail_options</em>, and the server supports it, <em>from_addr</em> and <em>to_addrs</em> may contain non-ASCII characters.</p> <p>This method may raise the following exceptions:</p> <dl class="docutils"> <dt><a class="reference internal" href="#smtplib.SMTPRecipientsRefused" title="smtplib.SMTPRecipientsRefused"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SMTPRecipientsRefused</span></code></a></dt> <dd>All recipients were refused. Nobody got the mail. The <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">recipients</span></code> attribute of the exception object is a dictionary with information about the refused recipients (like the one returned when at least one recipient was accepted).</dd> <dt><a class="reference internal" href="#smtplib.SMTPHeloError" title="smtplib.SMTPHeloError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SMTPHeloError</span></code></a></dt> <dd>The server didn’t reply properly to the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HELO</span></code> greeting.</dd> <dt><a class="reference internal" href="#smtplib.SMTPSenderRefused" title="smtplib.SMTPSenderRefused"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SMTPSenderRefused</span></code></a></dt> <dd>The server didn’t accept the <em>from_addr</em>.</dd> <dt><a class="reference internal" href="#smtplib.SMTPDataError" title="smtplib.SMTPDataError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SMTPDataError</span></code></a></dt> <dd>The server replied with an unexpected error code (other than a refusal of a recipient).</dd> <dt><a class="reference internal" href="#smtplib.SMTPNotSupportedError" title="smtplib.SMTPNotSupportedError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SMTPNotSupportedError</span></code></a></dt> <dd><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SMTPUTF8</span></code> was given in the <em>mail_options</em> but is not supported by the server.</dd> </dl> <p>Unless otherwise noted, the connection will be open even after an exception is raised.</p> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.2: </span><em>msg</em> may be a byte string.</p> </div> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.5: </span><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SMTPUTF8</span></code> support added, and <a class="reference internal" href="#smtplib.SMTPNotSupportedError" title="smtplib.SMTPNotSupportedError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SMTPNotSupportedError</span></code></a> may be raised if <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SMTPUTF8</span></code> is specified but the server does not support it.</p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="smtplib.SMTP.send_message"> <code class="descclassname">SMTP.</code><code class="descname">send_message</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>msg</em>, <em>from_addr=None</em>, <em>to_addrs=None</em>, <em>mail_options=()</em>, <em>rcpt_options=()</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#smtplib.SMTP.send_message" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>This is a convenience method for calling <a class="reference internal" href="#smtplib.SMTP.sendmail" title="smtplib.SMTP.sendmail"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sendmail()</span></code></a> with the message represented by an <a class="reference internal" href="email.compat32-message.html#email.message.Message" title="email.message.Message"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">email.message.Message</span></code></a> object. The arguments have the same meaning as for <a class="reference internal" href="#smtplib.SMTP.sendmail" title="smtplib.SMTP.sendmail"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sendmail()</span></code></a>, except that <em>msg</em> is a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Message</span></code> object.</p> <p>If <em>from_addr</em> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> or <em>to_addrs</em> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">send_message</span></code> fills those arguments with addresses extracted from the headers of <em>msg</em> as specified in <span class="target" id="index-11"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5322.html"><strong>RFC 5322</strong></a>: <em>from_addr</em> is set to the <em class="mailheader">Sender</em> field if it is present, and otherwise to the <em class="mailheader">From</em> field. <em>to_addrs</em> combines the values (if any) of the <em class="mailheader">To</em>, <em class="mailheader">Cc</em>, and <em class="mailheader">Bcc</em> fields from <em>msg</em>. If exactly one set of <em class="mailheader">Resent-*</em> headers appear in the message, the regular headers are ignored and the <em class="mailheader">Resent-*</em> headers are used instead. If the message contains more than one set of <em class="mailheader">Resent-*</em> headers, a <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ValueError" title="ValueError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code></a> is raised, since there is no way to unambiguously detect the most recent set of <em class="mailheader">Resent-</em> headers.</p> <p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">send_message</span></code> serializes <em>msg</em> using <a class="reference internal" href="email.generator.html#email.generator.BytesGenerator" title="email.generator.BytesGenerator"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BytesGenerator</span></code></a> with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">\r\n</span></code> as the <em>linesep</em>, and calls <a class="reference internal" href="#smtplib.SMTP.sendmail" title="smtplib.SMTP.sendmail"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sendmail()</span></code></a> to transmit the resulting message. Regardless of the values of <em>from_addr</em> and <em>to_addrs</em>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">send_message</span></code> does not transmit any <em class="mailheader">Bcc</em> or <em class="mailheader">Resent-Bcc</em> headers that may appear in <em>msg</em>. If any of the addresses in <em>from_addr</em> and <em>to_addrs</em> contain non-ASCII characters and the server does not advertise <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SMTPUTF8</span></code> support, an <code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SMTPNotSupported</span></code> error is raised. Otherwise the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Message</span></code> is serialized with a clone of its <a class="reference internal" href="email.policy.html#module-email.policy" title="email.policy: Controlling the parsing and generating of messages"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">policy</span></code></a> with the <a class="reference internal" href="email.policy.html#email.policy.EmailPolicy.utf8" title="email.policy.EmailPolicy.utf8"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">utf8</span></code></a> attribute set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>, and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SMTPUTF8</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BODY=8BITMIME</span></code> are added to <em>mail_options</em>.</p> <div class="versionadded"> <p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 3.2.</span></p> </div> <div class="versionadded"> <p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 3.5: </span>Support for internationalized addresses (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SMTPUTF8</span></code>).</p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="smtplib.SMTP.quit"> <code class="descclassname">SMTP.</code><code class="descname">quit</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#smtplib.SMTP.quit" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Terminate the SMTP session and close the connection. Return the result of the SMTP <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">QUIT</span></code> command.</p> </dd></dl> <p>Low-level methods corresponding to the standard SMTP/ESMTP commands <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HELP</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RSET</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">NOOP</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MAIL</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RCPT</span></code>, and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DATA</span></code> are also supported. Normally these do not need to be called directly, so they are not documented here. For details, consult the module code.</p> </div> <div class="section" id="smtp-example"> <span id="id2"></span><h2>21.17.2. SMTP Example<a class="headerlink" href="#smtp-example" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>This example prompts the user for addresses needed in the message envelope (‘To’ and ‘From’ addresses), and the message to be delivered. Note that the headers to be included with the message must be included in the message as entered; this example doesn’t do any processing of the <span class="target" id="index-12"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc822.html"><strong>RFC 822</strong></a> headers. In particular, the ‘To’ and ‘From’ addresses must be included in the message headers explicitly.</p> <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">smtplib</span> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">prompt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">prompt</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nb">input</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">prompt</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">strip</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="n">fromaddr</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">prompt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"From: "</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">toaddrs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">prompt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"To: "</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">split</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"Enter message, end with ^D (Unix) or ^Z (Windows):"</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># Add the From: and To: headers at the start!</span> <span class="n">msg</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"From: </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="se">\r\n</span><span class="s2">To: </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="se">\r\n\r\n</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fromaddr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">", "</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">toaddrs</span><span class="p">)))</span> <span class="k">while</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">line</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">input</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="k">except</span> <span class="ne">EOFError</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="k">break</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">line</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="k">break</span> <span class="n">msg</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">msg</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">line</span> <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"Message length is"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">msg</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="n">server</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">smtplib</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SMTP</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'localhost'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">server</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_debuglevel</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">server</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sendmail</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fromaddr</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">toaddrs</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">msg</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">server</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">quit</span><span class="p">()</span> </pre></div> </div> <div class="admonition note"> <p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> <p class="last">In general, you will want to use the <a class="reference internal" href="email.html#module-email" title="email: Package supporting the parsing, manipulating, and generating email messages."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">email</span></code></a> package’s features to construct an email message, which you can then send via <a class="reference internal" href="#smtplib.SMTP.send_message" title="smtplib.SMTP.send_message"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">send_message()</span></code></a>; see <a class="reference internal" href="email.examples.html#email-examples"><span class="std std-ref">email: Examples</span></a>.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation"> <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper"> <h3><a href="../contents.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3> <ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#">21.17. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">smtplib</span></code> — SMTP protocol client</a><ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#smtp-objects">21.17.1. SMTP Objects</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#smtp-example">21.17.2. SMTP Example</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h4>Previous topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="nntplib.html" title="previous chapter">21.16. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">nntplib</span></code> — NNTP protocol client</a></p> <h4>Next topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="smtpd.html" title="next chapter">21.18. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">smtpd</span></code> — SMTP Server</a></p> <div role="note" aria-label="source link"> <h3>This Page</h3> <ul class="this-page-menu"> <li><a href="../bugs.html">Report a Bug</a></li> <li> <a href="https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/3.6/Doc/library/smtplib.rst" rel="nofollow">Show Source </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearer"></div> </div> <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" >index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="smtpd.html" title="21.18. smtpd — SMTP Server" >next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="nntplib.html" title="21.16. nntplib — NNTP protocol client" >previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li> <a href="../index.html">3.6.7 Documentation</a> » </li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> »</li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-2"><a href="internet.html" >21. 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