D7net
Home
Console
Upload
information
Create File
Create Folder
About
Tools
:
/
usr
/
share
/
doc
/
python3-docs
/
html
/
library
/
Filename :
test.html
back
Copy
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>26.8. test — Regression tests package for Python — Python 3.6.7 documentation</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/pydoctheme.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" /> <script type="text/javascript" id="documentation_options" data-url_root="../" src="../_static/documentation_options.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/underscore.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/doctools.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/sidebar.js"></script> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Search within Python 3.6.7 documentation" href="../_static/opensearch.xml"/> <link rel="author" title="About these documents" href="../about.html" /> <link rel="index" title="Index" href="../genindex.html" /> <link rel="search" title="Search" href="../search.html" /> <link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="../copyright.html" /> <link rel="next" title="27. Debugging and Profiling" href="debug.html" /> <link rel="prev" title="26.7. 2to3 - Automated Python 2 to 3 code translation" href="2to3.html" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="../_static/py.png" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/test.html" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/copybutton.js"></script> </head><body> <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" accesskey="I">index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="debug.html" title="27. Debugging and Profiling" accesskey="N">next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="2to3.html" title="26.7. 2to3 - Automated Python 2 to 3 code translation" accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li> <a href="../index.html">3.6.7 Documentation</a> » </li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> »</li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-2"><a href="development.html" accesskey="U">26. Development Tools</a> »</li> <li class="right"> <div class="inline-search" style="display: none" role="search"> <form class="inline-search" action="../search.html" method="get"> <input placeholder="Quick search" type="text" name="q" /> <input type="submit" value="Go" /> <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" /> <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" /> </form> </div> <script type="text/javascript">$('.inline-search').show(0);</script> | </li> </ul> </div> <div class="document"> <div class="documentwrapper"> <div class="bodywrapper"> <div class="body" role="main"> <div class="section" id="module-test"> <span id="test-regression-tests-package-for-python"></span><h1>26.8. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-test" title="test: Regression tests package containing the testing suite for Python."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test</span></code></a> — Regression tests package for Python<a class="headerlink" href="#module-test" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> <div class="admonition note"> <p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> <p class="last">The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-test" title="test: Regression tests package containing the testing suite for Python."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test</span></code></a> package is meant for internal use by Python only. It is documented for the benefit of the core developers of Python. Any use of this package outside of Python’s standard library is discouraged as code mentioned here can change or be removed without notice between releases of Python.</p> </div> <hr class="docutils" /> <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-test" title="test: Regression tests package containing the testing suite for Python."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test</span></code></a> package contains all regression tests for Python as well as the modules <a class="reference internal" href="#module-test.support" title="test.support: Support for Python's regression test suite."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test.support</span></code></a> and <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test.regrtest</span></code>. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-test.support" title="test.support: Support for Python's regression test suite."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test.support</span></code></a> is used to enhance your tests while <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test.regrtest</span></code> drives the testing suite.</p> <p>Each module in the <a class="reference internal" href="#module-test" title="test: Regression tests package containing the testing suite for Python."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test</span></code></a> package whose name starts with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test_</span></code> is a testing suite for a specific module or feature. All new tests should be written using the <a class="reference internal" href="unittest.html#module-unittest" title="unittest: Unit testing framework for Python."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">unittest</span></code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="doctest.html#module-doctest" title="doctest: Test pieces of code within docstrings."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">doctest</span></code></a> module. Some older tests are written using a “traditional” testing style that compares output printed to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.stdout</span></code>; this style of test is considered deprecated.</p> <div class="admonition seealso"> <p class="first admonition-title">See also</p> <dl class="last docutils"> <dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="unittest.html#module-unittest" title="unittest: Unit testing framework for Python."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">unittest</span></code></a></dt> <dd>Writing PyUnit regression tests.</dd> <dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="doctest.html#module-doctest" title="doctest: Test pieces of code within docstrings."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">doctest</span></code></a></dt> <dd>Tests embedded in documentation strings.</dd> </dl> </div> <div class="section" id="writing-unit-tests-for-the-test-package"> <span id="writing-tests"></span><h2>26.8.1. Writing Unit Tests for the <a class="reference internal" href="#module-test" title="test: Regression tests package containing the testing suite for Python."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test</span></code></a> package<a class="headerlink" href="#writing-unit-tests-for-the-test-package" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>It is preferred that tests that use the <a class="reference internal" href="unittest.html#module-unittest" title="unittest: Unit testing framework for Python."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">unittest</span></code></a> module follow a few guidelines. One is to name the test module by starting it with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test_</span></code> and end it with the name of the module being tested. The test methods in the test module should start with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test_</span></code> and end with a description of what the method is testing. This is needed so that the methods are recognized by the test driver as test methods. Also, no documentation string for the method should be included. A comment (such as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">#</span> <span class="pre">Tests</span> <span class="pre">function</span> <span class="pre">returns</span> <span class="pre">only</span> <span class="pre">True</span> <span class="pre">or</span> <span class="pre">False</span></code>) should be used to provide documentation for test methods. This is done because documentation strings get printed out if they exist and thus what test is being run is not stated.</p> <p>A basic boilerplate is often used:</p> <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">unittest</span> <span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">test</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">support</span> <span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">MyTestCase1</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">unittest</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">TestCase</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="c1"># Only use setUp() and tearDown() if necessary</span> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">setUp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="o">...</span> <span class="n">code</span> <span class="n">to</span> <span class="n">execute</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">preparation</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">tests</span> <span class="o">...</span> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">tearDown</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="o">...</span> <span class="n">code</span> <span class="n">to</span> <span class="n">execute</span> <span class="n">to</span> <span class="n">clean</span> <span class="n">up</span> <span class="n">after</span> <span class="n">tests</span> <span class="o">...</span> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">test_feature_one</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="c1"># Test feature one.</span> <span class="o">...</span> <span class="n">testing</span> <span class="n">code</span> <span class="o">...</span> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">test_feature_two</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="c1"># Test feature two.</span> <span class="o">...</span> <span class="n">testing</span> <span class="n">code</span> <span class="o">...</span> <span class="o">...</span> <span class="n">more</span> <span class="n">test</span> <span class="n">methods</span> <span class="o">...</span> <span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">MyTestCase2</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">unittest</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">TestCase</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="o">...</span> <span class="n">same</span> <span class="n">structure</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">MyTestCase1</span> <span class="o">...</span> <span class="o">...</span> <span class="n">more</span> <span class="n">test</span> <span class="n">classes</span> <span class="o">...</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="vm">__name__</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s1">'__main__'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">unittest</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">main</span><span class="p">()</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>This code pattern allows the testing suite to be run by <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test.regrtest</span></code>, on its own as a script that supports the <a class="reference internal" href="unittest.html#module-unittest" title="unittest: Unit testing framework for Python."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">unittest</span></code></a> CLI, or via the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">python</span> <span class="pre">-m</span> <span class="pre">unittest</span></code> CLI.</p> <p>The goal for regression testing is to try to break code. This leads to a few guidelines to be followed:</p> <ul> <li><p class="first">The testing suite should exercise all classes, functions, and constants. This includes not just the external API that is to be presented to the outside world but also “private” code.</p> </li> <li><p class="first">Whitebox testing (examining the code being tested when the tests are being written) is preferred. Blackbox testing (testing only the published user interface) is not complete enough to make sure all boundary and edge cases are tested.</p> </li> <li><p class="first">Make sure all possible values are tested including invalid ones. This makes sure that not only all valid values are acceptable but also that improper values are handled correctly.</p> </li> <li><p class="first">Exhaust as many code paths as possible. Test where branching occurs and thus tailor input to make sure as many different paths through the code are taken.</p> </li> <li><p class="first">Add an explicit test for any bugs discovered for the tested code. This will make sure that the error does not crop up again if the code is changed in the future.</p> </li> <li><p class="first">Make sure to clean up after your tests (such as close and remove all temporary files).</p> </li> <li><p class="first">If a test is dependent on a specific condition of the operating system then verify the condition already exists before attempting the test.</p> </li> <li><p class="first">Import as few modules as possible and do it as soon as possible. This minimizes external dependencies of tests and also minimizes possible anomalous behavior from side-effects of importing a module.</p> </li> <li><p class="first">Try to maximize code reuse. On occasion, tests will vary by something as small as what type of input is used. Minimize code duplication by subclassing a basic test class with a class that specifies the input:</p> <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">TestFuncAcceptsSequencesMixin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">func</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">mySuperWhammyFunction</span> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">test_func</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">func</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">arg</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">AcceptLists</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">TestFuncAcceptsSequencesMixin</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">unittest</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">TestCase</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="n">arg</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">AcceptStrings</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">TestFuncAcceptsSequencesMixin</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">unittest</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">TestCase</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="n">arg</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'abc'</span> <span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">AcceptTuples</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">TestFuncAcceptsSequencesMixin</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">unittest</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">TestCase</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="n">arg</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>When using this pattern, remember that all classes that inherit from <a class="reference internal" href="unittest.html#unittest.TestCase" title="unittest.TestCase"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">unittest.TestCase</span></code></a> are run as tests. The <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Mixin</span></code> class in the example above does not have any data and so can’t be run by itself, thus it does not inherit from <a class="reference internal" href="unittest.html#unittest.TestCase" title="unittest.TestCase"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">unittest.TestCase</span></code></a>.</p> </li> </ul> <div class="admonition seealso"> <p class="first admonition-title">See also</p> <dl class="last docutils"> <dt>Test Driven Development</dt> <dd>A book by Kent Beck on writing tests before code.</dd> </dl> </div> </div> <div class="section" id="running-tests-using-the-command-line-interface"> <span id="regrtest"></span><h2>26.8.2. Running tests using the command-line interface<a class="headerlink" href="#running-tests-using-the-command-line-interface" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-test" title="test: Regression tests package containing the testing suite for Python."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test</span></code></a> package can be run as a script to drive Python’s regression test suite, thanks to the <a class="reference internal" href="../using/cmdline.html#cmdoption-m"><code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-m</span></code></a> option: <strong class="program">python -m test</strong>. Under the hood, it uses <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test.regrtest</span></code>; the call <strong class="program">python -m test.regrtest</strong> used in previous Python versions still works. Running the script by itself automatically starts running all regression tests in the <a class="reference internal" href="#module-test" title="test: Regression tests package containing the testing suite for Python."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test</span></code></a> package. It does this by finding all modules in the package whose name starts with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test_</span></code>, importing them, and executing the function <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test_main()</span></code> if present or loading the tests via unittest.TestLoader.loadTestsFromModule if <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test_main</span></code> does not exist. The names of tests to execute may also be passed to the script. Specifying a single regression test (<strong class="program">python -m test test_spam</strong>) will minimize output and only print whether the test passed or failed.</p> <p>Running <a class="reference internal" href="#module-test" title="test: Regression tests package containing the testing suite for Python."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test</span></code></a> directly allows what resources are available for tests to use to be set. You do this by using the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-u</span></code> command-line option. Specifying <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">all</span></code> as the value for the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-u</span></code> option enables all possible resources: <strong class="program">python -m test -uall</strong>. If all but one resource is desired (a more common case), a comma-separated list of resources that are not desired may be listed after <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">all</span></code>. The command <strong class="program">python -m test -uall,-audio,-largefile</strong> will run <a class="reference internal" href="#module-test" title="test: Regression tests package containing the testing suite for Python."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test</span></code></a> with all resources except the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">audio</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">largefile</span></code> resources. For a list of all resources and more command-line options, run <strong class="program">python -m test -h</strong>.</p> <p>Some other ways to execute the regression tests depend on what platform the tests are being executed on. On Unix, you can run <strong class="program">make test</strong> at the top-level directory where Python was built. On Windows, executing <strong class="program">rt.bat</strong> from your <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PCBuild</span></code> directory will run all regression tests.</p> </div> </div> <div class="section" id="module-test.support"> <span id="test-support-utilities-for-the-python-test-suite"></span><h1>26.9. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-test.support" title="test.support: Support for Python's regression test suite."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test.support</span></code></a> — Utilities for the Python test suite<a class="headerlink" href="#module-test.support" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-test.support" title="test.support: Support for Python's regression test suite."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test.support</span></code></a> module provides support for Python’s regression test suite.</p> <div class="admonition note"> <p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> <p class="last"><a class="reference internal" href="#module-test.support" title="test.support: Support for Python's regression test suite."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test.support</span></code></a> is not a public module. It is documented here to help Python developers write tests. The API of this module is subject to change without backwards compatibility concerns between releases.</p> </div> <p>This module defines the following exceptions:</p> <dl class="exception"> <dt id="test.support.TestFailed"> <em class="property">exception </em><code class="descclassname">test.support.</code><code class="descname">TestFailed</code><a class="headerlink" href="#test.support.TestFailed" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Exception to be raised when a test fails. This is deprecated in favor of <a class="reference internal" href="unittest.html#module-unittest" title="unittest: Unit testing framework for Python."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">unittest</span></code></a>-based tests and <a class="reference internal" href="unittest.html#unittest.TestCase" title="unittest.TestCase"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">unittest.TestCase</span></code></a>’s assertion methods.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="exception"> <dt id="test.support.ResourceDenied"> <em class="property">exception </em><code class="descclassname">test.support.</code><code class="descname">ResourceDenied</code><a class="headerlink" href="#test.support.ResourceDenied" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Subclass of <a class="reference internal" href="unittest.html#unittest.SkipTest" title="unittest.SkipTest"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">unittest.SkipTest</span></code></a>. Raised when a resource (such as a network connection) is not available. Raised by the <a class="reference internal" href="#test.support.requires" title="test.support.requires"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">requires()</span></code></a> function.</p> </dd></dl> <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-test.support" title="test.support: Support for Python's regression test suite."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test.support</span></code></a> module defines the following constants:</p> <dl class="data"> <dt id="test.support.verbose"> <code class="descclassname">test.support.</code><code class="descname">verbose</code><a class="headerlink" href="#test.support.verbose" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code> when verbose output is enabled. Should be checked when more detailed information is desired about a running test. <em>verbose</em> is set by <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test.regrtest</span></code>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="data"> <dt id="test.support.is_jython"> <code class="descclassname">test.support.</code><code class="descname">is_jython</code><a class="headerlink" href="#test.support.is_jython" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code> if the running interpreter is Jython.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="data"> <dt id="test.support.TESTFN"> <code class="descclassname">test.support.</code><code class="descname">TESTFN</code><a class="headerlink" href="#test.support.TESTFN" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Set to a name that is safe to use as the name of a temporary file. Any temporary file that is created should be closed and unlinked (removed).</p> </dd></dl> <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-test.support" title="test.support: Support for Python's regression test suite."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test.support</span></code></a> module defines the following functions:</p> <dl class="function"> <dt id="test.support.forget"> <code class="descclassname">test.support.</code><code class="descname">forget</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>module_name</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#test.support.forget" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Remove the module named <em>module_name</em> from <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.modules</span></code> and delete any byte-compiled files of the module.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="test.support.is_resource_enabled"> <code class="descclassname">test.support.</code><code class="descname">is_resource_enabled</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>resource</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#test.support.is_resource_enabled" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code> if <em>resource</em> is enabled and available. The list of available resources is only set when <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test.regrtest</span></code> is executing the tests.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="test.support.requires"> <code class="descclassname">test.support.</code><code class="descname">requires</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>resource</em>, <em>msg=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#test.support.requires" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Raise <a class="reference internal" href="#test.support.ResourceDenied" title="test.support.ResourceDenied"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ResourceDenied</span></code></a> if <em>resource</em> is not available. <em>msg</em> is the argument to <a class="reference internal" href="#test.support.ResourceDenied" title="test.support.ResourceDenied"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ResourceDenied</span></code></a> if it is raised. Always returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code> if called by a function whose <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__name__</span></code> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'__main__'</span></code>. Used when tests are executed by <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test.regrtest</span></code>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="test.support.findfile"> <code class="descclassname">test.support.</code><code class="descname">findfile</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>filename</em>, <em>subdir=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#test.support.findfile" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return the path to the file named <em>filename</em>. If no match is found <em>filename</em> is returned. This does not equal a failure since it could be the path to the file.</p> <blockquote> <div>Setting <em>subdir</em> indicates a relative path to use to find the file rather than looking directly in the path directories.</div></blockquote> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="test.support.run_unittest"> <code class="descclassname">test.support.</code><code class="descname">run_unittest</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>*classes</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#test.support.run_unittest" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Execute <a class="reference internal" href="unittest.html#unittest.TestCase" title="unittest.TestCase"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">unittest.TestCase</span></code></a> subclasses passed to the function. The function scans the classes for methods starting with the prefix <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test_</span></code> and executes the tests individually.</p> <p>It is also legal to pass strings as parameters; these should be keys in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.modules</span></code>. Each associated module will be scanned by <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">unittest.TestLoader.loadTestsFromModule()</span></code>. This is usually seen in the following <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test_main()</span></code> function:</p> <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">test_main</span><span class="p">():</span> <span class="n">support</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">run_unittest</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="vm">__name__</span><span class="p">)</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>This will run all tests defined in the named module.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="test.support.run_doctest"> <code class="descclassname">test.support.</code><code class="descname">run_doctest</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>module</em>, <em>verbosity=None</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#test.support.run_doctest" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Run <a class="reference internal" href="doctest.html#doctest.testmod" title="doctest.testmod"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">doctest.testmod()</span></code></a> on the given <em>module</em>. Return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(failure_count,</span> <span class="pre">test_count)</span></code>.</p> <p>If <em>verbosity</em> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>, <a class="reference internal" href="doctest.html#doctest.testmod" title="doctest.testmod"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">doctest.testmod()</span></code></a> is run with verbosity set to <a class="reference internal" href="#test.support.verbose" title="test.support.verbose"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">verbose</span></code></a>. Otherwise, it is run with verbosity set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="test.support.check_warnings"> <code class="descclassname">test.support.</code><code class="descname">check_warnings</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>*filters</em>, <em>quiet=True</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#test.support.check_warnings" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>A convenience wrapper for <a class="reference internal" href="warnings.html#warnings.catch_warnings" title="warnings.catch_warnings"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">warnings.catch_warnings()</span></code></a> that makes it easier to test that a warning was correctly raised. It is approximately equivalent to calling <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">warnings.catch_warnings(record=True)</span></code> with <a class="reference internal" href="warnings.html#warnings.simplefilter" title="warnings.simplefilter"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">warnings.simplefilter()</span></code></a> set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">always</span></code> and with the option to automatically validate the results that are recorded.</p> <p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">check_warnings</span></code> accepts 2-tuples of the form <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">("message</span> <span class="pre">regexp",</span> <span class="pre">WarningCategory)</span></code> as positional arguments. If one or more <em>filters</em> are provided, or if the optional keyword argument <em>quiet</em> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code>, it checks to make sure the warnings are as expected: each specified filter must match at least one of the warnings raised by the enclosed code or the test fails, and if any warnings are raised that do not match any of the specified filters the test fails. To disable the first of these checks, set <em>quiet</em> to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>.</p> <p>If no arguments are specified, it defaults to:</p> <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">check_warnings</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="s2">""</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="ne">Warning</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">quiet</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>In this case all warnings are caught and no errors are raised.</p> <p>On entry to the context manager, a <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">WarningRecorder</span></code> instance is returned. The underlying warnings list from <a class="reference internal" href="warnings.html#warnings.catch_warnings" title="warnings.catch_warnings"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">catch_warnings()</span></code></a> is available via the recorder object’s <a class="reference internal" href="warnings.html#module-warnings" title="warnings: Issue warning messages and control their disposition."><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">warnings</span></code></a> attribute. As a convenience, the attributes of the object representing the most recent warning can also be accessed directly through the recorder object (see example below). If no warning has been raised, then any of the attributes that would otherwise be expected on an object representing a warning will return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>.</p> <p>The recorder object also has a <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">reset()</span></code> method, which clears the warnings list.</p> <p>The context manager is designed to be used like this:</p> <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">check_warnings</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="s2">"assertion is always true"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="ne">SyntaxWarning</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">""</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="ne">UserWarning</span><span class="p">)):</span> <span class="n">exec</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'assert(False, "Hey!")'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">warnings</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">warn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="ne">UserWarning</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"Hide me!"</span><span class="p">))</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>In this case if either warning was not raised, or some other warning was raised, <a class="reference internal" href="#test.support.check_warnings" title="test.support.check_warnings"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">check_warnings()</span></code></a> would raise an error.</p> <p>When a test needs to look more deeply into the warnings, rather than just checking whether or not they occurred, code like this can be used:</p> <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">check_warnings</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">quiet</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">w</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">warnings</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">warn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"foo"</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">assert</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">w</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">"foo"</span> <span class="n">warnings</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">warn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"bar"</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">assert</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">w</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">"bar"</span> <span class="k">assert</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">w</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">warnings</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">"foo"</span> <span class="k">assert</span> <span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">w</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">warnings</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">"bar"</span> <span class="n">w</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">reset</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="k">assert</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">w</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">warnings</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>Here all warnings will be caught, and the test code tests the captured warnings directly.</p> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.2: </span>New optional arguments <em>filters</em> and <em>quiet</em>.</p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="test.support.captured_stdin"> <code class="descclassname">test.support.</code><code class="descname">captured_stdin</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#test.support.captured_stdin" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dt id="test.support.captured_stdout"> <code class="descclassname">test.support.</code><code class="descname">captured_stdout</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#test.support.captured_stdout" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dt id="test.support.captured_stderr"> <code class="descclassname">test.support.</code><code class="descname">captured_stderr</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#test.support.captured_stderr" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>A context managers that temporarily replaces the named stream with <a class="reference internal" href="io.html#io.StringIO" title="io.StringIO"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">io.StringIO</span></code></a> object.</p> <p>Example use with output streams:</p> <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">captured_stdout</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">stdout</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">captured_stderr</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">stderr</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"hello"</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"error"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">file</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">sys</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stderr</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">assert</span> <span class="n">stdout</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getvalue</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">"hello</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="k">assert</span> <span class="n">stderr</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getvalue</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">"error</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">"</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>Example use with input stream:</p> <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">captured_stdin</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">stdin</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">stdin</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'hello</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">stdin</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">seek</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># call test code that consumes from sys.stdin</span> <span class="n">captured</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">input</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">assertEqual</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">captured</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"hello"</span><span class="p">)</span> </pre></div> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="test.support.temp_dir"> <code class="descclassname">test.support.</code><code class="descname">temp_dir</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>path=None</em>, <em>quiet=False</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#test.support.temp_dir" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>A context manager that creates a temporary directory at <em>path</em> and yields the directory.</p> <p>If <em>path</em> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>, the temporary directory is created using <a class="reference internal" href="tempfile.html#tempfile.mkdtemp" title="tempfile.mkdtemp"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tempfile.mkdtemp()</span></code></a>. If <em>quiet</em> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code>, the context manager raises an exception on error. Otherwise, if <em>path</em> is specified and cannot be created, only a warning is issued.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="test.support.change_cwd"> <code class="descclassname">test.support.</code><code class="descname">change_cwd</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>path</em>, <em>quiet=False</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#test.support.change_cwd" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>A context manager that temporarily changes the current working directory to <em>path</em> and yields the directory.</p> <p>If <em>quiet</em> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code>, the context manager raises an exception on error. Otherwise, it issues only a warning and keeps the current working directory the same.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="test.support.temp_cwd"> <code class="descclassname">test.support.</code><code class="descname">temp_cwd</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>name='tempcwd'</em>, <em>quiet=False</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#test.support.temp_cwd" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>A context manager that temporarily creates a new directory and changes the current working directory (CWD).</p> <p>The context manager creates a temporary directory in the current directory with name <em>name</em> before temporarily changing the current working directory. If <em>name</em> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>, the temporary directory is created using <a class="reference internal" href="tempfile.html#tempfile.mkdtemp" title="tempfile.mkdtemp"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tempfile.mkdtemp()</span></code></a>.</p> <p>If <em>quiet</em> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code> and it is not possible to create or change the CWD, an error is raised. Otherwise, only a warning is raised and the original CWD is used.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="test.support.temp_umask"> <code class="descclassname">test.support.</code><code class="descname">temp_umask</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>umask</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#test.support.temp_umask" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>A context manager that temporarily sets the process umask.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="test.support.can_symlink"> <code class="descclassname">test.support.</code><code class="descname">can_symlink</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#test.support.can_symlink" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code> if the OS supports symbolic links, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code> otherwise.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="test.support.skip_unless_symlink"> <code class="descclassname">@</code><code class="descclassname">test.support.</code><code class="descname">skip_unless_symlink</code><a class="headerlink" href="#test.support.skip_unless_symlink" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>A decorator for running tests that require support for symbolic links.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="test.support.anticipate_failure"> <code class="descclassname">@</code><code class="descclassname">test.support.</code><code class="descname">anticipate_failure</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>condition</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#test.support.anticipate_failure" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>A decorator to conditionally mark tests with <a class="reference internal" href="unittest.html#unittest.expectedFailure" title="unittest.expectedFailure"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">unittest.expectedFailure()</span></code></a>. Any use of this decorator should have an associated comment identifying the relevant tracker issue.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="test.support.run_with_locale"> <code class="descclassname">@</code><code class="descclassname">test.support.</code><code class="descname">run_with_locale</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>catstr</em>, <em>*locales</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#test.support.run_with_locale" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>A decorator for running a function in a different locale, correctly resetting it after it has finished. <em>catstr</em> is the locale category as a string (for example <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">"LC_ALL"</span></code>). The <em>locales</em> passed will be tried sequentially, and the first valid locale will be used.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="test.support.make_bad_fd"> <code class="descclassname">test.support.</code><code class="descname">make_bad_fd</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#test.support.make_bad_fd" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Create an invalid file descriptor by opening and closing a temporary file, and returning its descriptor.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="test.support.import_module"> <code class="descclassname">test.support.</code><code class="descname">import_module</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>name</em>, <em>deprecated=False</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#test.support.import_module" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>This function imports and returns the named module. Unlike a normal import, this function raises <a class="reference internal" href="unittest.html#unittest.SkipTest" title="unittest.SkipTest"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">unittest.SkipTest</span></code></a> if the module cannot be imported.</p> <p>Module and package deprecation messages are suppressed during this import if <em>deprecated</em> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>.</p> <div class="versionadded"> <p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 3.1.</span></p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="test.support.import_fresh_module"> <code class="descclassname">test.support.</code><code class="descname">import_fresh_module</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>name</em>, <em>fresh=()</em>, <em>blocked=()</em>, <em>deprecated=False</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#test.support.import_fresh_module" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>This function imports and returns a fresh copy of the named Python module by removing the named module from <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.modules</span></code> before doing the import. Note that unlike <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">reload()</span></code>, the original module is not affected by this operation.</p> <p><em>fresh</em> is an iterable of additional module names that are also removed from the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.modules</span></code> cache before doing the import.</p> <p><em>blocked</em> is an iterable of module names that are replaced with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> in the module cache during the import to ensure that attempts to import them raise <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ImportError" title="ImportError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ImportError</span></code></a>.</p> <p>The named module and any modules named in the <em>fresh</em> and <em>blocked</em> parameters are saved before starting the import and then reinserted into <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.modules</span></code> when the fresh import is complete.</p> <p>Module and package deprecation messages are suppressed during this import if <em>deprecated</em> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>.</p> <p>This function will raise <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#ImportError" title="ImportError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ImportError</span></code></a> if the named module cannot be imported.</p> <p>Example use:</p> <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># Get copies of the warnings module for testing without affecting the</span> <span class="c1"># version being used by the rest of the test suite. One copy uses the</span> <span class="c1"># C implementation, the other is forced to use the pure Python fallback</span> <span class="c1"># implementation</span> <span class="n">py_warnings</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">import_fresh_module</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'warnings'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">blocked</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'_warnings'</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="n">c_warnings</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">import_fresh_module</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'warnings'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">fresh</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'_warnings'</span><span class="p">])</span> </pre></div> </div> <div class="versionadded"> <p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 3.1.</span></p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="test.support.bind_port"> <code class="descclassname">test.support.</code><code class="descname">bind_port</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>sock</em>, <em>host=HOST</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#test.support.bind_port" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Bind the socket to a free port and return the port number. Relies on ephemeral ports in order to ensure we are using an unbound port. This is important as many tests may be running simultaneously, especially in a buildbot environment. This method raises an exception if the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sock.family</span></code> is <a class="reference internal" href="socket.html#socket.AF_INET" title="socket.AF_INET"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AF_INET</span></code></a> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sock.type</span></code> is <a class="reference internal" href="socket.html#socket.SOCK_STREAM" title="socket.SOCK_STREAM"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SOCK_STREAM</span></code></a>, and the socket has <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SO_REUSEADDR</span></code> or <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SO_REUSEPORT</span></code> set on it. Tests should never set these socket options for TCP/IP sockets. The only case for setting these options is testing multicasting via multiple UDP sockets.</p> <p>Additionally, if the <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SO_EXCLUSIVEADDRUSE</span></code> socket option is available (i.e. on Windows), it will be set on the socket. This will prevent anyone else from binding to our host/port for the duration of the test.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="test.support.find_unused_port"> <code class="descclassname">test.support.</code><code class="descname">find_unused_port</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>family=socket.AF_INET</em>, <em>socktype=socket.SOCK_STREAM</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#test.support.find_unused_port" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Returns an unused port that should be suitable for binding. This is achieved by creating a temporary socket with the same family and type as the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sock</span></code> parameter (default is <a class="reference internal" href="socket.html#socket.AF_INET" title="socket.AF_INET"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AF_INET</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="socket.html#socket.SOCK_STREAM" title="socket.SOCK_STREAM"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SOCK_STREAM</span></code></a>), and binding it to the specified host address (defaults to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0.0.0.0</span></code>) with the port set to 0, eliciting an unused ephemeral port from the OS. The temporary socket is then closed and deleted, and the ephemeral port is returned.</p> <p>Either this method or <a class="reference internal" href="#test.support.bind_port" title="test.support.bind_port"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bind_port()</span></code></a> should be used for any tests where a server socket needs to be bound to a particular port for the duration of the test. Which one to use depends on whether the calling code is creating a python socket, or if an unused port needs to be provided in a constructor or passed to an external program (i.e. the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-accept</span></code> argument to openssl’s s_server mode). Always prefer <a class="reference internal" href="#test.support.bind_port" title="test.support.bind_port"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bind_port()</span></code></a> over <a class="reference internal" href="#test.support.find_unused_port" title="test.support.find_unused_port"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">find_unused_port()</span></code></a> where possible. Using a hard coded port is discouraged since it can make multiple instances of the test impossible to run simultaneously, which is a problem for buildbots.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="test.support.load_package_tests"> <code class="descclassname">test.support.</code><code class="descname">load_package_tests</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>pkg_dir</em>, <em>loader</em>, <em>standard_tests</em>, <em>pattern</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#test.support.load_package_tests" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Generic implementation of the <a class="reference internal" href="unittest.html#module-unittest" title="unittest: Unit testing framework for Python."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">unittest</span></code></a> <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">load_tests</span></code> protocol for use in test packages. <em>pkg_dir</em> is the root directory of the package; <em>loader</em>, <em>standard_tests</em>, and <em>pattern</em> are the arguments expected by <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">load_tests</span></code>. In simple cases, the test package’s <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__init__.py</span></code> can be the following:</p> <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">os</span> <span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">test.support</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">load_package_tests</span> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">load_tests</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">load_package_tests</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dirname</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="vm">__file__</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">)</span> </pre></div> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="test.support.detect_api_mismatch"> <code class="descclassname">test.support.</code><code class="descname">detect_api_mismatch</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>ref_api</em>, <em>other_api</em>, <em>*</em>, <em>ignore=()</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#test.support.detect_api_mismatch" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Returns the set of attributes, functions or methods of <em>ref_api</em> not found on <em>other_api</em>, except for a defined list of items to be ignored in this check specified in <em>ignore</em>.</p> <p>By default this skips private attributes beginning with ‘_’ but includes all magic methods, i.e. those starting and ending in ‘__’.</p> <div class="versionadded"> <p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 3.5.</span></p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="test.support.check__all__"> <code class="descclassname">test.support.</code><code class="descname">check__all__</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>test_case</em>, <em>module</em>, <em>name_of_module=None</em>, <em>extra=()</em>, <em>blacklist=()</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#test.support.check__all__" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Assert that the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__all__</span></code> variable of <em>module</em> contains all public names.</p> <p>The module’s public names (its API) are detected automatically based on whether they match the public name convention and were defined in <em>module</em>.</p> <p>The <em>name_of_module</em> argument can specify (as a string or tuple thereof) what module(s) an API could be defined in in order to be detected as a public API. One case for this is when <em>module</em> imports part of its public API from other modules, possibly a C backend (like <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">csv</span></code> and its <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_csv</span></code>).</p> <p>The <em>extra</em> argument can be a set of names that wouldn’t otherwise be automatically detected as “public”, like objects without a proper <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__module__</span></code> attribute. If provided, it will be added to the automatically detected ones.</p> <p>The <em>blacklist</em> argument can be a set of names that must not be treated as part of the public API even though their names indicate otherwise.</p> <p>Example use:</p> <div class="highlight-python3 notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">bar</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">foo</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">unittest</span> <span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">test</span> <span class="k">import</span> <span class="n">support</span> <span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">MiscTestCase</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">unittest</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">TestCase</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">test__all__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="n">support</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">check__all__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">foo</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">OtherTestCase</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">unittest</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">TestCase</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">test__all__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="n">extra</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s1">'BAR_CONST'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'FOO_CONST'</span><span class="p">}</span> <span class="n">blacklist</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s1">'baz'</span><span class="p">}</span> <span class="c1"># Undocumented name.</span> <span class="c1"># bar imports part of its API from _bar.</span> <span class="n">support</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">check__all__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">bar</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'bar'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'_bar'</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">extra</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">extra</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">blacklist</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">blacklist</span><span class="p">)</span> </pre></div> </div> <div class="versionadded"> <p><span class="versionmodified">New in version 3.6.</span></p> </div> </dd></dl> <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-test.support" title="test.support: Support for Python's regression test suite."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test.support</span></code></a> module defines the following classes:</p> <dl class="class"> <dt id="test.support.TransientResource"> <em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">test.support.</code><code class="descname">TransientResource</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>exc</em>, <em>**kwargs</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#test.support.TransientResource" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Instances are a context manager that raises <a class="reference internal" href="#test.support.ResourceDenied" title="test.support.ResourceDenied"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ResourceDenied</span></code></a> if the specified exception type is raised. Any keyword arguments are treated as attribute/value pairs to be compared against any exception raised within the <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/compound_stmts.html#with"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">with</span></code></a> statement. Only if all pairs match properly against attributes on the exception is <a class="reference internal" href="#test.support.ResourceDenied" title="test.support.ResourceDenied"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ResourceDenied</span></code></a> raised.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="class"> <dt id="test.support.EnvironmentVarGuard"> <em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">test.support.</code><code class="descname">EnvironmentVarGuard</code><a class="headerlink" href="#test.support.EnvironmentVarGuard" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Class used to temporarily set or unset environment variables. Instances can be used as a context manager and have a complete dictionary interface for querying/modifying the underlying <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.environ</span></code>. After exit from the context manager all changes to environment variables done through this instance will be rolled back.</p> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.1: </span>Added dictionary interface.</p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="test.support.EnvironmentVarGuard.set"> <code class="descclassname">EnvironmentVarGuard.</code><code class="descname">set</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>envvar</em>, <em>value</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#test.support.EnvironmentVarGuard.set" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Temporarily set the environment variable <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">envvar</span></code> to the value of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">value</span></code>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="test.support.EnvironmentVarGuard.unset"> <code class="descclassname">EnvironmentVarGuard.</code><code class="descname">unset</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>envvar</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#test.support.EnvironmentVarGuard.unset" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Temporarily unset the environment variable <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">envvar</span></code>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="class"> <dt id="test.support.SuppressCrashReport"> <em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">test.support.</code><code class="descname">SuppressCrashReport</code><a class="headerlink" href="#test.support.SuppressCrashReport" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>A context manager used to try to prevent crash dialog popups on tests that are expected to crash a subprocess.</p> <p>On Windows, it disables Windows Error Reporting dialogs using <a class="reference external" href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms680621.aspx">SetErrorMode</a>.</p> <p>On UNIX, <a class="reference internal" href="resource.html#resource.setrlimit" title="resource.setrlimit"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">resource.setrlimit()</span></code></a> is used to set <a class="reference internal" href="resource.html#resource.RLIMIT_CORE" title="resource.RLIMIT_CORE"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">resource.RLIMIT_CORE</span></code></a>’s soft limit to 0 to prevent coredump file creation.</p> <p>On both platforms, the old value is restored by <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__exit__" title="object.__exit__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__exit__()</span></code></a>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="class"> <dt id="test.support.WarningsRecorder"> <em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">test.support.</code><code class="descname">WarningsRecorder</code><a class="headerlink" href="#test.support.WarningsRecorder" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Class used to record warnings for unit tests. See documentation of <a class="reference internal" href="#test.support.check_warnings" title="test.support.check_warnings"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">check_warnings()</span></code></a> above for more details.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="class"> <dt id="test.support.FakePath"> <em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">test.support.</code><code class="descname">FakePath</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>path</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#test.support.FakePath" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Simple <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-path-like-object"><span class="xref std std-term">path-like object</span></a>. It implements the <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__fspath__()</span></code> method which just returns the <em>path</em> argument. If <em>path</em> is an exception, it will be raised in <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__fspath__()</span></code>.</p> </dd></dl> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation"> <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper"> <h3><a href="../contents.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3> <ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#">26.8. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test</span></code> — Regression tests package for Python</a><ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#writing-unit-tests-for-the-test-package">26.8.1. Writing Unit Tests for the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test</span></code> package</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#running-tests-using-the-command-line-interface">26.8.2. Running tests using the command-line interface</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#module-test.support">26.9. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test.support</span></code> — Utilities for the Python test suite</a></li> </ul> <h4>Previous topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="2to3.html" title="previous chapter">26.7. 2to3 - Automated Python 2 to 3 code translation</a></p> <h4>Next topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="debug.html" title="next chapter">27. Debugging and Profiling</a></p> <div role="note" aria-label="source link"> <h3>This Page</h3> <ul class="this-page-menu"> <li><a href="../bugs.html">Report a Bug</a></li> <li> <a href="https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/3.6/Doc/library/test.rst" rel="nofollow">Show Source </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearer"></div> </div> <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" >index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="debug.html" title="27. Debugging and Profiling" >next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="2to3.html" title="26.7. 2to3 - Automated Python 2 to 3 code translation" >previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li> <a href="../index.html">3.6.7 Documentation</a> » </li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> »</li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-2"><a href="development.html" >26. Development Tools</a> »</li> <li class="right"> <div class="inline-search" style="display: none" role="search"> <form class="inline-search" action="../search.html" method="get"> <input placeholder="Quick search" type="text" name="q" /> <input type="submit" value="Go" /> <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" /> <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" /> </form> </div> <script type="text/javascript">$('.inline-search').show(0);</script> | </li> </ul> </div> <div class="footer"> © <a href="../copyright.html">Copyright</a> 2001-2021, Python Software Foundation. <br /> The Python Software Foundation is a non-profit corporation. <a href="https://www.python.org/psf/donations/">Please donate.</a> <br /> Last updated on Aug 25, 2021. <a href="../bugs.html">Found a bug</a>? <br /> Created using <a href="http://sphinx.pocoo.org/">Sphinx</a> 1.7.6. </div> </body> </html>